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Biomedical subjects

W Maurer

Publications and source records attributed to W Maurer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

HLA-matching in cyclosporine treated renal transplant recipients: a prospective Swedish-Norwegian multicenter study.

1. In this prospective study of 613 CD and 205 one haplotype mismatched LRD transplant recipients treated with CyA, there was no influence of HLA-matching (A, B, DR or combinations) on graft survival rate at one and two years. 2. Patients who successfully received HLA-DR-matched kidneys (CD or LRD) had fewer rejection episodes during the first six months after transplantation. 3. Three factors significantly reduced the cadaveric graft survival rate: (a) presence of panel reactive T-cell antibodies in a current recipient serum, (b) cold ischemia time beyond 27 hours, and (c) recipient age above 55 years. 4. The survival rate of one haplotype mismatched LRD kidneys was excellent and is considered to be the optimal treatment for uremia also in CyA-treated patients. 5. Based on this study, exchange of well HLA-matched CD kidneys to non-sensitized patients has been terminated provisionally in Scandia-transplant. Exchange of HLA-A, B-matched kidneys will be maintained, however, for sensitized patients inasmuch as this will increase the chance of obtaining a negative cross-match and possibly improve graft survival in this high-risk patient group.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1984

Pallor of the optic disc in glaucoma patients with artificial hypertension.

Measurement of four parameters, namely brightness of the unaffected optic disc, brightness of the optic disc under artificially elevated eye pressure, baseline eye pressure, and systolic blood pressure, gives the possibility of discerning glaucomatous eyes from healthy ones, with an accuracy of about 90%. Measuring eye pressure and systolic blood pressure is very simple. If measurement of the optical density could be simplified, an additional practical test for glaucoma could be developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the so-called "synchronization therapy" of tumors with vincristine.

Cell kinetic studies on the effect of vincristine (VCR) on cells in different cell-cycle phases were carried out using single- and double-labeling methods with 3H- and 14C-thymidine. Studies on mouse L 1210 and JB-1 ascites tumor cells, mouse jejunal crypt cells as well as on HeLa cells have shown that VCR affects cells not only during or prior to mitosis, but also cells that are in S phase at the time of VCR application. These cells are arrested during the next mitosis. Cells arrested in mitosis even with small doses of VCR subsequently become necrotic. Thus, it has been shown experimentally that an in vivo synchronization of tumor cells cannot be achieved with VCR and, therefore, the effect of a so-called synchronization therapy with VCR is not due to synchronization of tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Autoradiographic studies of glial proliferation in different areas of the brain of the 14-day-old rat.

Cell cycle parameters, as well as the mode of proliferation of glial cells, in four different areas of the brain of the 14-day-old rat (cortex, corpus callosum, nucleus caudatus putamen and commissura anterior) were studied using different cell kinetic methods after injection of [3H]TdR and/or [14C]TdR. The duration of the S phase (tS) was found to be about 10 hr and that of the cycle time (tC) about 20 hr, tG2 is less than 2 hr and t(G2 + M) about 4 hr. These values are valid for glial cells in all four brain areas studied. However, the labelling index (LI) of the glial cells differs by a factor of 3, between 1.8 and 5.4% in the different brain areas. Accordingly, the growth fraction of the glial cell population in the four areas varies between 0.04 and 0.12. Glial cells (astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes) proliferate according to a steady state system. Furthermore, the proliferation of glial cells is associated with continuous cell loss. After each mitosis about 3% of the daughter cells become pyknotic and die. In addition, a permanent exchange of glial cells occurs between the proliferating and non-proliferating pool.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Steroid-free treatment of renal transplant patients with cyclosporin A. A European multicentre study].

In a multicentre trial conducted in eight European centres, 232 recipients of cadaveric renal allografts were randomly allocated to receive either cyclosporin A (CyA, 117 patients) or azathioprine and steroids (control, 115 patients) for immunosuppression. After a follow-up period of up to eleven months, graft survival probability estimates are 73% in the CyA group and 53% in the control group. Two deaths have occurred In the CyA group and seven in the control group. 82% of the CyA group with functioning grafts are receiving CyA alone, 17% have been changed to azathioprine and steroids and one patient is receiving prednisolone in addition to CyA; 27% have never received steroids. At six months post-transplant renal function is similar in patients receiving CyA and in those receiving azathioprine and steroids. On the basis of these preliminary results CyA appears to be more effective than conventional immunosuppression and avoids the necessity of long-term steroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparing cell kinetic studies of the effect of ftorafur and 5-fluorouracil on the L 1210 ascites tumor.

Ftorafur (FT), a 2-tetrahydrofuryl derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was introduced into cancer chemotherapy with the hope to obtain a therapeutic effect comparable to 5-FU with a smaller dose and less side effects. A comparison of the effect of FT and 5-FU on the proliferation of L 1210 ascites tumor cells in the present work has shown that both drugs result in an inhibition of DNA synthesis due to an inhibition of thymidylate synthetase. However, the extent of the effect of FT is reduced, i.e., to achieve a cell kinetic effect comparable to that of 5-FU, 60 times the equimolecular FT dose has to be applied. Thus, there is no dose-saving effect of FT compared to 5-FU. A depot-like 5-FU effect of FT due to a slow release of 5-FU from FT as described in the literature could not be confirmed in the present study either. The effect of FT on the proliferation of L 1210 ascites tumor cells did not last longer than that of 5-FU. In contrast to 5-FU a severe side effect, viz., a drastic decrease of the body temperature from 39.1 degrees to 31.6 degrees C, was observed. That means that FT cannot only be effective by a release of 5-FU. This toxic side effect must be due to a different mechanism of action of FT. A significant increase in the median life span could only be achieved by the application of 5-FU (180 microgram/g). An equimolecular FT-dose did not result in an increase of the median life span. Based on the present study, the advantages of FT compared to 5-FU described in the literature cannot be confirmed. The present work shows that cell kinetic studies in animals are a useful tool to test the effect of new drugs in chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An in vivo double labelling study of the subsequent fate of cells arrested in metaphase by vincristine in the JB-1 mouse ascites tumour.

The fate of cells arrested by Vincristine (VCR) in metaphase is of interest because of the wide use of this substance in cancer chemotherapy and, particularly, in relation to its use in so-called 'synchronization' therapy. The present study was designed to answer the question of whether cells blocked in metaphase by VCR subsequently proliferate further or whether they become infertile and die. By means of a double labelling technique with [3H] and [14C]thymidine (TdR) it was shown that all VCR-arrested metaphases in the JB-1 ascites tumour subsequently became necrotic. These cells did not re-enter a viable G2 phase following arrest and thus could not take part in a wave of synchronous proliferation. In agreement with earlier studies, VCR was found to lead to arrest in metaphase, not only of cells in or shortly prior to mitosis at the time of VCR administration, but also of the majority of cells which had at this time been in the S and G2 phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Some considerations on the integration of the disabled with particular regard to the placement of dysmelic and spastic persons in the printing industry (author's transl)].

The systematic vocational resettlement of the disabled necessitates the preparation of working place related requirement profiles which have to be compared with the work specific performance profiles of disabled job seekers. The authors use the example of a multiply handicapped dysmelic person to discuss and explain the different aspects of such a methodical approach from the angle of the employment opportunities in the printing industry.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1980

[Cecostomy in the treatment of large intestine ileus].

Large bowel decompression by simple coecostomy is not generally accepted. As this procedure is our method of choice in all suitable cases, we have checked the results. From 1.11.1971 to 31.3.1979 a coecostomy was performed in 44 patients presenting with uncomplicated colonic obstruction. The operation was done through an ileocoecal muscle split incision without an exploratory laparotomy. The coecum was primarily opened and sutured to the skin. There were 38 carcinomas, one actinic sigmoid stenosis and one pancreatitic stenosis. In four cases further investigations did not show any mechanical bowel obstruction. In 37 patients there was a secondary laparotomy. In 34 patients the stenotic area was resectable. The coecostomy could be closed in 39 cases and was removed with the resected specimen in one case. Overall-lethality was 4/44, the lethality of mechanical large bowel obstruction was 4/40 or 10% respectively. Three patients died of metastatic carcinomas, one patient of thromboembolic complications. The coecostomy always was successful in decompressing the dilated bowel. The morbidity was negligible (one abscess after closure of the stoma with cicatricial herniation later on.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A case of oesophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and submucosa.

The authors report a case of an oesophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and the submucosa. This case is interesting because of its long history for more than 18 months, the difficulty of fiberoptic diagnosis and the diagnostic value of rigid instruments completed via vital staining by o-toluidine.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Transit times through the cycle phases of jejunal crypt cells of the mouse. Analysis in terms of the mean values and the variances.

Mean transit times as well as variances of the transit times through the individual phases of the cell cycle have been determined for the crypt epithelial cells of the jejunum of the mouse. To achieve this the fraction of labelled mitoses (FLM) technique has been modified by double labelling with [3H] and [14C]thymidine. Mice were given a first injection of [3H]thymidine, and 2 hr later a second injection of [14C]thymidine. This produces a narrow subpopulation of purely 3H-labelled cells at the beginning of G2-phase and a corresponding subpopulation of purely 14C-labelled cells at the beginning of the S-phase. When these two subpopulations progress through the cell cycle, one obtains FLM waves of purely 3H- and purely 14C-labelled mitoses. These waves have considerably better resolution than the conventional FLM-curves. From the temporal positions of the observed maxima the mean transit times of the cells through the individual phases of the cycle can be determined. Moreover one obtains from the width of the individual waves the variances of the transit times through the individual phases. It has been found, that the variances of the transit times through successive phases are additive. This indicates that the transit times of cells through successive phases are independently distributed. This statistical independence is an implicit assumption in most of the models applied to the analysis of FLM curves, however there had previously been no experimental support of this assumption. A further result is, that the variance of the transit time through any phase of the cycle is proportional to the mean transit time. This implies that the progress of the crypt epithelial cells is subject to an equal degree of randomness in the various phases of the cycle.

Analysis of Variance↗