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Biomedical subjects

W M Valenti

Publications and source records attributed to W M Valenti.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Infection control committee reviews policies, cuts costs.

Working in cooperation with other hospital departments, especially nursing, the members of an infection control program were able to review and change hospital policies and procedures without compromising patient care. This collaboration resulted in hospital policies that are more uniform, rational, and workable and a savings of $63,000.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged.

To assess the factors responsible for oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli among elderly persons in institutions, we performed a cross-sectional survey of 407 volunteers, 65 years of age and older, who had not received antimicrobials in the previous four weeks. Colonization increased with level of care: from 9 per cent in independent residents of apartments to 60 per cent in patients on an acute hospital ward (P less than 0.0001). Klebsiella species was found in 41 per cent of those with colonization, Escherichia coli in 24 per cent and enterobacter species in 14 per cent. There was no association between numbers of normal flora and numbers of gram-negative bacilli. Associated with colonization were bladder incontinence, deteriorating or terminal clinical status, inability to walk or perform activities of daily living and incapacitation due to neoplastic, respiratory and cardiac disease (P less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that respiratory disease and being bedridden contributed most to colonization.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

Type-specific pneumococcal respiratory disease in the elderly and chronically III.

Type-specific pneumococcal respiratory disease was studied in a chronic-disease hospital during a 27-month period. Isolates from 50 patients with pneumonia and from 24 patients with chronic bronchitis were available for typing. Vaccine types were isolated from 74 per cent of patients with pneumonia and from 42 per cent of patients with chronic bronchitis. Pneumococcal types isolated from 5 of 8 patients with bacteremia and from 6 of 9 patients who died were also included in the vaccine. The data suggest that, theoretically, closed populations of elderly and chronically ill patients would benefit from vaccination in an attempt to control pneumococcal pneumonia. Less clear is the potential role vaccination in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial viral infections: I. Epidemiology and significance.

Viral illnesses in Strong Memorial Hospital were monitored over a 17-month period. Using criteria based primarily on the incubation periods for a number of common virus infections, the infections we found were classified as hospital- or community-acquired. Hospital-acquired viral infections occurred on most hospital services; the majority of infections occurred on the pediatric and psychiatric services. Infections due to herpesviruses were seen more frequently in a group of patients aged 14 years or older, while infections in patients aged three years or younger were more likely to be due to respiratory syncytial virus, influenzavirus, adenovirus, or parainfluenza virus. Patients with nosocomial infections due to viruses were hospitalized an average of 9.3 days longer than uninfected controls; thus nosocomial viral infections result in increased costs of hospitalization.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial viral infections: II. Guidelines for prevention and control of respiratory viruses, herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses.

This article reviews the most likely mechanisms of transmission of the commonly encountered respiratory viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus), herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses, and presents the guidelines used currently for prevention and control that are in use at Strong Memorial Hospital.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial viral infections: III. Guidelines for prevention and control of exanthematous viruses, gastroenteritis viruses, picornaviruses, and uncommonly seen viruses.

This communication is the third in a four-part series on nosocomial viral infections from the Strong Memorial Hospital. This third article discusses guidelines for prevention and control of exanthematous viruses, gastroenteritis, viruses, adenoviruses and the picornaviruses other than rhinoviruses. Several uncommonly seen viruses, such as the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Marburg, Ebola, and Lassa fever viruses, also are reviewed briefly.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial viral infections: IV. Guidelines for cohort isolation, the communicable disease survey, collection, and transport of specimens for virus isolation, and considerations for the future.

Virus transmission within the hospital is related to transmissibility of the virus and susceptibility of the population at risk. General guidelines for the use of cohort isolation, for the control of virus transmission in the hospital, and for the use of the communicable disease survey for pediatric patients and visitors to the hospital are out-lined. We also present a brief review of how to collect and transport specimens for virus isolation to assist the infection control practitioner and the clinician and conclude with recommendations for further investigations in the areas of virology and infection control.

Child↗