Biomedical subjects

W M Sartor

Publications and source records attributed to W M Sartor.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Flexible endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal trauma.

The role of flexible endoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal trauma remains undefined. This study evaluates the use of immediate flexible fiberoptic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) as the primary diagnostic tool for detection of esophageal injury in trauma patients. Flexible EGD was performed on 31 patients for this purpose from August 1991 through January 1994. There were 28 males and 3 females with a mean age of 24.3 years (range, 16-54 years). Twenty-four of 31 patients (77%) were intubated at the time of the examination. Mechanism of injury was penetrating in 24 patients (20 gunshot wounds, four stab wounds) and blunt (motor vehicle crash) in seven patients. Penetrating injuries were located in the neck in 5 of 24 patients, in the chest in 15 of 24 patients, and in both the neck and chest in 4 of 24 patients. Upper gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed for 3 of 31 patients (10%), computed tomography was performed for eight patients (26%), bronchoscopy was performed for 13 patients (42%), angiography was performed for 17 patients (55%), and rigid esophagoscopy and laryngoscopy were each performed for one patient (3%). Evidence of esophageal trauma during EGD was seen in 5 of 31 patients. True-positive studies occurred for four patients, false-positive results occurred for one patient, true-negative results occurred for 26 patients (as demonstrated by exploration in five and clinical follow-up in 21), and no false-negative examinations occurred. Sensitivity of flexible EGD was 100%, specificity was 96%, and accuracy was 97%. No complications occurred related to the performance of EGD. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy seems to be a safe and effective method for both detection and exclusion of esophageal trauma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Enhanced expression of ICAM-1 in a murine fibrosarcoma reduces tumor growth rate.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an essential role in lymphocyte adhesion to endothelium and migration across endothelial cell barriers. We undertook this study to determine the growth of a murine fibrosarcoma transfected with the ICAM-1 gene. MCA-105 tumor cells were cotransfected with ICAM-1 and the plasmid for neomycin resistance (NeoR). Selected G418-resistant clones were expanded and cell surface ICAM-1 expression was verified using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Integration of the ICAM-1 gene and ICAM-1 mRNA expression were verified by Southern and Northern blot hybridization analysis, respectively. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (six animals/group): Control, NeoR only, ICAM-1 (low expressing, Clone 25), ICAM-1 (high expressing, Clone 81), and a 1:1 mixture of NeoR:Clone 81; animals received 1 x 10(6) cells on Day 0 and tumor measurements began on Day 7 and were measured in mm2. At 19 days, tumors from cell lines expressing ICAM-1 were significantly (P < .05) smaller than both the parental cell line and tumor-containing NeoR only (364 mm2 vs 466 mm2 and 527 mm2, respectively). This decrease in tumor growth may be a result of increased lymphocyte migration or increased anti-tumor cytotoxicity by infiltrating lymphocytes. The results from the mixed tumor experiment suggest a possible paracrine effect by cells expressing ICAM-1. Studies are currently under way to investigate the effect of immunotherapy on tumors derived from ICAM-1-cloned transfectants.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Transfection of a murine fibrosarcoma with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhances the response to adoptive immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Increasing the ability of antitumor effector cells to leave the vasculature and gain access to tumor cells may improve therapeutic efficacy. We undertook this study to determine whether increased expression of intercellular adhesion of molecular-1 (ICAM-1) by gene transfection would result in an improved response to adoptive immunotherapy in vivo. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice received 1 x 10(6) tumor cells on day 0. Tumor cells examined were MCA-105 (parental), NeoR (MCA-105 transfected with the neomycin resistance gene), or Clones 81 or 149 (MCA-105 cotransfected with NeoR and the gene for ICAM-1 and highly express ICAM-1). Animals were treated by use of no treatment, interleukin-2 alone (days 10 through 14), hyperthermia alone (days 10 and 13), or interleukin-2 + hyperthermia, and tumor growth was reported as a ratio to size on day 10. In vitro cytotoxicity was assayed by using murine lymphokine-activated killer cells. RESULTS: Tumors transfected with ICAM-1 and treated with hyperthermia + immunotherapy grew significantly (p < 0.05) slower (mean, 0.78 +/- 0.16 on day 19) than parental tumor (size, 1.35 +/- 0.22) or tumor cells transfected with NeoR alone (1.21 +/- 0.19). Tumors containing both MCA-105 and Clone 81 treated with hyperthermia + immunotherapy grew significantly slower (1.58 +/- 0.49 on day 19, p < 0.05) than untreated Clone 81 (2.38 +/- 0.46) or treated MCA-105 (2.49 +- 0.29) but more rapidly than treated Clone 81 (1.18 +/- 0.08), suggesting a paracrine efect for ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that increased expression of ICAM-1 by tumor cells results in a significant increase in antitumor efficacy of combined interleukin-2 and hyperthermia in a murine model. Although the mechanism has yet to be elucidated, modulation of cellular adhesion may play a role in the therapeutic efficacy of cellular immunotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Intraoperative colonic lavage: failure to decrease mucosal microflora.

Few data exist concerning the ability of intraoperative colonic lavage to decrease colonic bacterial counts, and nothing is known about its effect on the recently described mucosa-associated bacteria. The goal of our study was to determine the impact of intraoperative colonic lavage on both the intraluminal and mucosal microflora. After intraoperative colonic washout in 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, quantitative and qualitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the intraluminal and mucosal bacteria were obtained. Tissue was also removed for scanning electron microscopic examination of the colon wall. Whereas 1000-fold to 10,000-fold reductions of aerobic and anaerobic intraluminal flora were achieved with mechanical lavage, reductions of aerobic or anaerobic mucosal bacteria were not significant. Failure to diminish bacterial colonization in this ecologic niche may be partly responsible for the persistently high infection rate after emergency colorectal surgery.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗