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Biomedical subjects

W M Rupp

Publications and source records attributed to W M Rupp.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a community-oriented program including professional education and screening by a voluntary health agency.

A community program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that included detection by screening, professional education, community involvement, and evaluation of results is described. Key figures in the success of this program were senior medical students. In the first community, in which no professional education was offered, 45.3% of persons screened who had abnormal test results came away from their physicians understanding that they did not have a significant health problem. In subsequent communities, in which professional education was a part of the program, this percentage decreased steadily to approximately 11%. Consistently, 25% of the persons screened who had abnormal results did not consult a physician. Twenty-one % of the participants with abnormal results of screening and no previous knowledge of pulmonary disease stopped smoking in the ensuing 2 to 3 yr, whereas only 11.7% of the control group of persons with normal screening results did so.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hemodynamics of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in lambs.

Despite surgical treatment, congenital foramen of Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia continues to carry a high mortality rate due to associated respiratory insufficiency. We studied the pathologic and hemodynamic changes that result from this condition in lambs. Surgical creation of diaphragmatic hernias in fetal lambs was performed in utero with subsequent delivery by cesarean section near term. Cardiac catheterization was performed on these newborn lambs immediately after delivery, before and after surgical repair of the defect. Data from five of these lambs were compared to data obtained from seven normal lambs. Pulmonary hypertension was found only in lambs with hernias. Pulmonary artery pressures and the mean ratio of pulmonary to systemic resistance were higher in experimental lambs. Oxygen saturation and average cardiac index were higher in normals. Lambs in the experimental group, but not in the control group, had large left-to-right shunts at the level of the ductus arteriosus in the early neonatal period. Arterial oxygen saturations were consistently low with no differences in pre- and post-ductal samples, which suggests right-to-left shunting at the atrial level or physiologic shunting across the unexpanded lungs. No further expansion of the hypoplastic lungs occurred following decompression by surgical hernia repair, but transient hemodynamic improvement was noted in some cases. Surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus did not significantly alter the clinical condition of the lambs. Lungs in lambs with hernias were grossly abnormal, the left appearing more hypoplastic than the right.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glycerol prevents insulin precipitation and interruption of flow in an implantable insulin infusion pump.

Insulin precipitation is a major obstacle to the use of implantable insulin infusion pumps. In one such pump (Infusaid, Infusaid Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts), unprotected insulin precipitated and occluded nine pumps implanted in normal dogs within 43 days. In contrast, two similar pumps containing insulin mixed with 80% glycerol functioned normally for more than 250 days. In human studies, a similar mixture allowed insulin to be delivered to nine diabetic subjects for more than 6 mo in each case; total fluid flow rates from the pump were essentially unchanged after 460 patients-weeks of insulin infusion. A possible drawback of the mixture is a time- and temperature-dependent propensity to cause the formation of soluble, higher-molecular-weight insulin polymers, which apparently have lower biologic activity. Formation of such polymers and maintenance of biologic activity were largely prevented by the addition of phosphate buffer at neutral pH.

Animals↗