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Biomedical subjects

W M Gooch

Publications and source records attributed to W M Gooch.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lack of correlation between streptococcal Fc receptors and symptomatic pharyngitis.

To determine whether bacterial Fc(gamma) surface receptors are associated with symptomatic streptococcal pharyngitis, throat cultures were obtained from 264 children (grouped according to symptoms of pharyngeal infection) and from 328 who were asymptomatic. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci which were recovered were tested for the presence of Fc(gamma) surface receptors. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of Fc(gamma) surface receptors on strains from the various patient groups.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1986

Renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors in children: a clinicopathologic study of 14 patients.

The clinical and pathologic features of 14 children with rhabdoid tumors are presented. Eight patients had primary renal neoplasms and six had extrarenal tumors. The eight renal rhabdoid tumors were identified among 514 primary renal neoplasms collected at four pediatric institutions. Six patients were under 1 year of age; five children died of tumor-related causes, four of them within 4 months of diagnosis and one 17 months postnephrectomy. Another patient died of sepsis 12 days postnephrectomy. One is alive 13 months postnephrectomy, and one was lost to follow-up evaluation. The most common sites of metastasis were the lymph nodes (seven children) and the lungs (three patients). Three infants with renal rhabdoid tumors had, in addition, intracranial masses, two of which manifested clinically before the detection of the renal tumors, in one confirmed to be a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Five of the 6 extrarenal tumors were identified among 155,926 surgical pathology specimens examined in the same children's hospitals over the same period of time; the remaining extrarenal rhabdoid tumor was received in consultation from a community hospital. The extrarenal rhabdoid tumors occurred in the dorsum of the right foot, liver, soft tissue of the right chest wall, left temporal lobe, left leg, and left thoracic paraspinal region. The ages ranged from 6 weeks to 15 years and two months. Three patients died of tumor-related causes within 4 months of diagnosis; one was a term stillborn. Two are alive, 1 month and 70 months postdiagnosis. Common sites for metastases included the lungs (three patients), and liver and lymph nodes (two children each). Patients with renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors are of similar age, have a similar clinical course, with early metastases and poor response to therapy. Primitive neuroectodermal intracranial tumors have been identified in several reported patients with renal rhabdoid tumors; similar brain tumors have not been documented in patients with extrarenal rhabdoid tumors. The histogenesis of this tumor remains unknown.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Compliance of neonatal nurse practitioners with gentamicin pharmacokinetic recommendations.

The compliance of nurse practitioners in a neonatal intensive-care center with gentamicin dosage recommendations from a pharmacokinetic consultation service was determined. Medical and pharmacokinetic dosage data were collected retrospectively from the medical records and pharmacokinetic consultation records of eligible neonates as soon as they had completed gentamicin therapy. Neonates for whom pharmacokinetic dosage recommendations had been followed by each of four neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) were compared with neonates for whom recommendations had not been followed to identify patient characteristics that might have influenced NNP compliance with the recommendations. Each NNP also completed a questionnaire designed to elicit information about professional and behavioral characteristics that might be associated with compliance. Data were collected for a total of 98 neonates. Discriminant analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups of neonates. Although the NNPs perceived themselves to be in high compliance with the pharmacokinetic recommendations, the actual group compliance rate was 43%. Neonatal nurse practitioners may require special education in the proper use of pharmacokinetic dosage recommendations even if they perceive themselves to be compliant with those recommendations.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed1985

Use of ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium in the management of acute bacterial infections in children.

Ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium (in a ratio of 30:1) was used to treat 30 children (mean age equal to 4.9 years) with acute infections of the urinary tract, skeletal system, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin and subcutaneous tissue, and blood. The drug was administered by the intravenous or intramuscular route in a dose of 310 mg/kg per day in six divided doses (26 patients) or 207 mg/kg per day in four divided doses (four patients). Duration of therapy ranged from two to 14 days (mean equal to 5.4 days), and resolution of infection was quite satisfactory in all cases, including those involving beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, although reinfection occurred five days after successful therapy of a urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. No adverse clinical or biochemical changes attributable to administration of ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium were observed. Ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium appears to be safe and effective therapy for a wide range of acute infections in children, including those caused by at least some pathogens that produce beta-lactamase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Choroiditis in infantile periarteritis nodosa.

The ocular pathologic findings were determined in a case of fatal infantile periarteritis nodosa (IPN). To our knowledge, this case is the first histologically documented report of choroidal inflammation associated with this disease. Since the clinical and pathologic findings of IPN and Kawasaki's disease (KD) are identical, these findings should be sought in cases of KD.

Choroid↗
PubMed1985

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: a clinicopathologic study of 21 patients with long-term follow-up evaluation.

The clinical and pathologic features of 21 children with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney are presented. These cases were identified among 517 primary renal tumors collected from four pediatric institutions. Abdominal mass and hematuria were the usual presenting signs. The male to female ratio was 1.3 to 1. Although the mean age at diagnosis was 3 years, the sarcomas were diagnosed earlier in boys (2 years, 7 months) than in girls (3 years, 7 months). Tumor size and weight may have accounted for this difference, since the average tumor weights were 899 g for boys and 635 g for girls. Right kidney locations predominated (14 cases). The most common site for metastasis was the skeleton (12 patients), and the skull was almost invariably involved (10 children). Bone metastases preceded the development of metastases elsewhere in nine patients, in five of whom the involvement was polyostotic. Of the 12 patients with osseous metastases, nine died within five years of diagnosis, and one died eight years and nine months after diagnosis; the remaining two patients were successfully treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and actinomycin D, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin. Eight of the nine patients with lung metastases died within five years of diagnosis. Until substantial proof is found that clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is related to nephroblastoma, its identification as a non-Wilms' sarcoma would seem to be appropriate. This tumor is not the only sarcoma of the kidney, but it appears to be the most common renal sarcoma of childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

In vitro antibacterial activity of SK&F 88070 against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and Haemophilus influenzae.

The inhibitory activity of SK&F 88070, a cephalosporin whose kinetic characteristics in animals suggest the possibility of once-daily doses, was determined against 345 clinical isolates, and results were compared with the activities of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, methicillin, and ampicillin. The spectrum of SK&F 88070 is similar to that of ceftizoxime.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the Wayson variation of a methylene blue staining procedure for the detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid.

Meningitis of bacterial origin is a severe infection that must receive immediate attention and prompt treatment. We evaluated a basic fuchsin-methylene blue, ethyl alcohol-phenol staining procedure (Wayson stain) and compared it with the Gram stain procedure for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. All smears were prepared within 30 min of receiving the specimen and examined without knowledge of the results of the companion smear or culture. Of 546 specimens entered into the study, 84 were culture positive. Based on the culture results, the sensitivity and specificity of Wayson stain were 90 and 98%, respectively, compared with 73% sensitivity and 99% specificity by Gram stain. We observed that Wayson staining is a particularly sensitive method for screening clinical specimens that contain proteinaceous background material. The Wayson staining procedure is a simple and sensitive technique for early detection of meningitis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Treatment to prevent postnatal loss of brain water reduces the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in the beagle puppy.

We compared the risk of intracranial hemorrhage after a hypovolemic, hypotensive insult followed by rapid volume replacement in three groups of beagle puppies: one group less than 12 h old, a second, 72 h of age, and a third, 72 h of age, which had been treated from birth with ovine prolactin in the dose per kilogram which prevents postnatal brain water loss in rabbits. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 14% of day 1 animals, 68% of untreated animals on day 3, and 15% of the group treated with prolactin. These data suggest that postnatal loss of brain water predisposes to intracerebral hemorrhage and that treatment to prevent this water loss can reduce the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage at 72 h of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Poor prognosis for mucin-producing Wilms' tumor.

This report describes two cousins with Wilms' tumor and mucin detected in the sera with rapidly fatal courses. A review of the literature reveals five additional reported cases of Wilms' tumor where mucin was observed in the sera. The patients in this report are similar to those previously reported in that all had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and four of five died within one year of diagnosis. Both the extent of disease at diagnosis at the poor response to therapy in these two cases, and those from the literature suggest that evidence of mucin production may indicate poor prognosis in Wilms' tumor. In addition, evidence is reviewed that mucin itself may contribute to a rapid tumor growth and metastases. The genetics of Wilms' tumor and familial nature of these cases is also discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Bactericidal activities of five antibiotics during short-term exposure to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

After a 1-h exposure to concentrations used for topical prophylaxis in neurosurgical procedures, bacitracin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were bactericidal against more than 90% of 48 body fluid isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. More than 10% of isolates survived despite exposure for 4 h to concentrations of gentamicin and streptomycin greater than those employed for topical prophylaxis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature rabbit pup. Limitations of this animal model.

The authors used the premature rabbit model to examine the pathophysiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). They studied the brains of 167 control animals, of 45 animals after a hypertensive insult, of three animals after a bolus infusion of normal saline, and of 10 animals after both insults. In none of the brains was IVH identified. Limited reproducibility may restrict the use of this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Technique for the repair of removable partial denture backings.

An easy and practical technique has been described for replacement of a removable partial denture retentive pin as an alternative to fabricating a new removable partial denture or reprocessing the acrylic resin part of the old metal framework. The technique uses the Hydroflame II soldering unit, which provides controlled, localized application of heat without damaging any acrylic resin that may be present.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1983

Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome in infants of diabetic mothers.

Three children with the femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome are described. Two had the characteristic facial pattern of upslanted palpebral fissures, long philtrum with thin upper lip, micrognathia, and hypoplastic alae nasi. The other, an infant girl who died within 24 hours after birth, had a cleft lip, which distorted some of the other features. She also had a cleft palate, as did one of the two older boys. All three children had ear defects, upper limb involvement, and rib, vertebral, lower extremity, and genitourinary tract abnormalities. The infant girl died of lung hypoplasia associated with dysplastic kidneys and widely patent ductus arteriosus. All three were infants of diabetic mothers, one mother having developed overt diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy. A literature review of 36 reported cases of FH/UFS revealed 12 individuals who were IDMs, establishing a strong relationship of the syndrome with maternal diabetes. A multifactorial inheritance model fits with the reported patients, with the relationship to diabetes, and with the similarity of FH/UFS to caudal regression, another condition related to maternal diabetes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Dissimilar manifestations of intrauterine infection with echovirus 11 in premature twins.

Echoviruses cause neonatal disease following intrauterine and intrapartum acquisition of the organism or by nosocomial infection. Dizygous twins apparently became infected following transplacental transmission of echovirus 11. At 5 days of age, both twins experienced poor feeding, lethargy and hypothermia, and evidence of coagulopathy and hepatitis. During the sixth week of illness, the convalescence of twin A was complicated by peritonitis and sepsis, and the infant died. Pathologic findings included scattered foci of dystrophic myocardial calcification, distortion of hepatic architecture with fibrous connective tissue surrounding regenerative nodules and large foci of dystrophic calcification, and adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis and calcification. Twin B recovered without sequelae. The disease in twin A was unusual because of the extensive myocardial involvement. Also of interest was the variability of disease in twins who presumably had received a similar inoculum of organism by the same route.

Adult↗