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Biomedical subjects

W M Gold

Publications and source records attributed to W M Gold.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Mechanical properties of the lungs and experimental asthma in conscious allergic dogs.

Three allergic dogs were trained to swallow an esophageal balloon, breathe through a tracheostomy tube, and stand quietly in a wooden stall. The mechanical properties of their lungs were measured reproducibly over many months. Average values were: pulmonary resistance 1.33 cmH2O/l per s, static lung compliance 104 ml/cmH2O, and functional residual capacity 982 ml. In two dogs inhalation of histamine aerosol caused a 374% increase in resistance; inhalation of Ascaris suum aerosol caused a 307% increase in resistance. The increased resistance was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory distress and slightly increased functional residual capacity. Aerosols of isoproterenol or atropine sulfate inhibited the increased resistance. We conclude that the conscious allergic dog is a suitable subject for the long-term study of asthma. Our present results are consistent with our earlier findings in anesthetized dogs, that a vagal reflex is involved in acute bronchomotor responses to inhalation of histamine as well as specific antigen.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of respiratory reflexes by local anesthetic aerosols in dogs and rabbits.

The effects of inhalation of 100 breaths of bupivacaine hydrochloride (5 percent solution in saline) on the cough reflex, the Breuer-Hering inflation, reflex, and the duration of apnea and bronchoconstriction produced by histamine aerosol were studied in nine anesthetized dogs. Cough was abolished in every animal; the duration of the inflation reflex was shortened from 47 +/- 4.6 s (mean plus or minus SE) to 16 +/- 3.4 s. The duration apnea produced by histamine was abolished or shortened and the rise in resistance was diminished from 170 plus or minus 22 per cent (control) to 49 +/- 6 per cent (after bupivacaine). These reflexes returned toward control values within 45 min. Bupivacaine inhibited the bronchoconstriction produced by electrical stimulation of the distal ends of cut vagus nerves both in dogs and in rabbits, but it did not alter the rise in resistance produced by histamine aerosol in vagotomized dogs. We conclude that administration of bupivacaine aerosol produces a reversible blockage of both afferent and efferent nervous activity in airways without abolishing the ability of smooth muscles to contract.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Histamine release during antigen inhalation in experimental asthma in dogs.

Histamine release after antigen inhalation was studied in 12 dogs sensitive to nematode antigens. In 19 experiments, histamine was detected in arterial plasma after antigen inhalation; its concentration was correlated with changes in airflow resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs) (per cent change above control equals 132.3 plus 250 log histamine concentration). Histamine was released from the lung and was not attributable to the concomitant hypoxia. In 6 dogs given aerosols of dilute antigen and in 4 dogs given aerosols of compound 48/80, Rrs increased significantly, but no histamine was detected. Histamine may have been released close to airway receptors, inducing bronchoconstriction, but in amounts undetectable in arterial plasma. In 6 dogs, administration of 48/80 caused partial depletion of histamine stores but prevented the response to antigen inhalation in only one of 6 dogs tested. The close correlation between arterial histamine concentration and Rrs, the qualitatively similar response to antigen and 48/80 aerosols, and the inhibition of the response to antigen when histamine was depleted completely from the lung tissues suggests that chemical mediators are critically important in antigen-induced airway reactions.

Aerosols↗