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Biomedical subjects

W M Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to W M Bennett.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Efficacy of minoxidil in the treatment of severe hypertension in systemic disorders.

Minoxidil, an orally effective vasodilator, was successful in lowering blood pressure in 10 patients with systemic diseases complicated by hypertension refractory to medical management. Follow-up was for periods up to 58 months. In patients not requiring dialysis prior to therapy, renal function was preserved, and in patients on dialysis, bilateral nephrectomy was avoided. Although sodium retention and reflex tachycardia were common, they were managed by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and diuresis with furosemide. Results did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those achieved in 31 refractory hypertensives without systemic illness. Pharmacologic studies performed on hemodialysis in a patient with polyarteritis revealed a dialysis clearance of 14C-labeled minoxidil of 48 ml/min. Venous minoxidil concentrations decreased by 32% across six single dialysis treatments. Nineteen percent of the administered dose was recovered in the feces, an increased fraction compared to normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Nephropathy of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis.

Progressive osteolysis with disappearance of the carpal and tarsal bones occurs as a rare syndrome associated with a serious nephropathy. The characteristic skeletal changes have an onset in early childhood and precede renal failure by 10--15 years. The present case, the ninth reported in the world literature, was a 22-year-old, white female who presented with carpal and tarsal swelling at age 2. Severe hypertension and azotemia were present when the patient died of pneumonia and extracellular fluid volume depletion. At necropsy, the kidneys weighed 55 g each. Microscopy showed proliferation of vascular intima and medial hypertrophy of renal vessels of all sizes. Tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes are probably secondary to the severe vascular disease. Although similar skeletal lesions can be seen in kindred with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, all reported cases of nephropathy including the present one are sporadic.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Drug therapy in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults. Part II: sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers; cardiovascular, antihypertensive, and diuretic agents; miscellaneous agents.

Data providing guidelines for drug use in adult patients with renal insufficiency are presented in tabular form with supporting references. The data are derived from the current medical literature. If specific information about a drug is unavailable or conflicting, emphasis is given to normal pharmacokinetic variables in arriving at recommendations for therapy. Nephrotoxicity or adverse effects in patients with renal disease are noted and adjustments for dialysis suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Drug therapy in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults. Part I: Antimicrobial agents, analgesics.

Data are presented in tabular form that provide guidelines for drug use in adult patients with renal insufficiency. The data are derived from the current medical literature. If specific information about a drug is unavailable or conflicting, emphasis is given to normal pharmacokinetic variables in arriving at recommendations for therapy. Nephrotoxicity or adverse effects in patients with renal disease are noted and adjustments for dialysis suggested.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1980

Herpes simplex type 1 hepatitis in renal transplantation.

Herpes simplex is a rare but usually fatal cause of acute hepatitis in adults. Most previously reported cases have occurred in debilitated or immunosuppressed patients. We report two additional fatal cases that occurred in renal transplant recipients. In case 1, there is evidence that the allograft may have been the initial nidus of infection. In case 2, dissemination from a genital infection occurred and failed to respond to vidarabine therapy that was started early in the clinical course. We also review the literature concerning previously reported cases of herpes hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Amikacin nephrotoxicity in the rat.

When amikacin was administered to Fischer rats at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day for up to 14 days, renal proximal tubule cells became vacuolated, but BUN and creatinine remained normal. Renal cortical drug levels rose steadily throughout the treatment period. When, in a second trial of the same duration, the drug dose was tripled, focal proximal tubular necrosis, then regeneration, occurred and the animals became azotemic. Tissue drug concentrations peaked and began to decline during the treatment period, having reached levels more than three times higher than achieved at the lower dose. Ultrastructural changes were similar to those observed with other aminoglycosides. The results indicate that amikacin is less nephrotoxic than gentamicin and more toxin than tobramycin and netilmicin in the Fischer rat.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1980

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by recurrent myoglobinuria.

A 42-year-old man with McArdle's disease had numerous episodes of pigmenturia, but had only one proved episode of acute renal failure that required dialysis. A renal biopsy performed one month after complete recovery from that nephrotoxic event showed severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis. These findings suggest that, while acute renal failure may be an infrequent complication, repeated episodes of myoglobinuria may initiate subclinical nephrotoxic insults, resulting in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride ingestion in experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

To examine the possibility that gentamicin binding to renal tubular epithelium is electrostatic, the effect of sodium bicarbonate-induced alkaline diuresis and ammonium chloride administration on the course of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in male Fischer 344 rats was examined. After 14 days of gentamicin, sodium bicarbonate drinking animals did not differ significantly from tap water drinking controls in the degree of nephrotoxicity as determined by serum creatinine, in vitro para-aminohippurate and N-methylnicotinamide uptake, histology and renal cortical gentamicin concentrations. However, 7/10 sodium bicarbonate drinking animals had extensive intratubular renal calcifications as compared to 0/29 tap water drinkers. Ammonium chloride drinking animals had more severe toxicity than tap water drinking controls. We conclude that in our model, sodium bicarbonate administration does not reduce experimental gentamicin toxicity and is associated with intratubular calcification. Ammonium chloride potentiates gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

Ammonium Chloride↗