Sixty-six isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains originating from Austria, Egypt, the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland were tested for their sensitivity to 12 beta-lactam antibiotics at both 30 degrees and 37 degrees C using the agar disk diffusion test. The MICs for six of the beta-lactam antibiotics were determined by the microdilution technique. Resistance to methicillin was always accompanied by resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to all semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, including cefotaxime, was higher at 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Cephalothin and cefamandole proved to be the most effective cephalosporin antibiotics against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Newer cephalosporins, i.e. cefotaxime, cefoxitin and cefuroxime, exhibited only a low rate of activity against these strains. The occurrence of phage-type "85" in S. aureus strains from Austria, Egypt and Germany indicates that certain lysotypes are widespread.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis: an epidemiological analysis using a combination of traditional and molecular methods.

An epidemiological analysis of Staphylococcus aureus was conducted in a study group of 157 cystic fibrosis patients cultured over a 30-month period. The resulting S. aureus isolates were categorized by bacteriophage type, plasmid profile, and (in some instances) chromosomal restriction fragment pattern of the culture-positive patients with S. aureus (34 of 157) 44% only were sporadically infected while 68% shared identical strains with one or more other patients. Six patients exhibited persistent infection (for up to ten months) which, in three individuals, occurred as cycles of carriage and reappearance. By contributing toward our understanding of the persistence and spread of S. aureus in cystic fibrosis patients these data should aid in clarifying the role this organism may play in the course of the disease.

Bacteriophage Typing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thalidomide-embryopathy in twins: a collaborative study.

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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Polysyndactylia with brachymetacarpia (Type Bonola)].

Four cases of polysyndactyly from Japan, Taiwan and Turkey are described, which show similar short thumbs, metacarpals and middle phalanges as well as analogous malformations of the feet. A new type of polysyndactyly can be defined. The occurrence in brother and sister from a consanguineous marriage is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Short rib-polydactyly syndromes].

The authors report on a newborn which died only a few hours after birth. It manifested generalized dropsy and ascites, a central upper lip cleft, narrow thorax, severe dysraphia, short limbs but normal-length trunk, and brachydactyly. Particularly striking radiologic findings were the extremely short, horizontal ribs and a shortening of the long bones, with rounded calcification zones. On the basis of comparison with other cases of short rib-polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) and other chondrodysplasias, this case was classified as Majewski's syndrome, even though there was no polydactyly and the shortness of the tibiae was not as extreme as in typical cases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Central venous catheterization--experiences in neonatal intensive medicine based on scanning electron microscopy study of Silastic catheters].

This article deals with the use of 56 silastic-catheters in the intensive care of premature and new-born with mean weights of 1550 g according to the Shaw-method. The clinical use with regard to early and late complications was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of 11 catheters. The results were compared with the complications associated with PVC-catheters. The silastic-catheters has the following advantages: over a longer period it does not lose its mechanical properties, it is athrombogenic and has only few complications regarding infection and thrombosis. Local reactions cannot, however be eliminated. We can extend the use of silastic-catheters by giving blood, drugs and by taking blood samples, by this way intensive care of the new-born is less stressful.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pectoralis hand defects (Poland syndactylia)].

66 cases of pectoralis-hand defect are analyzed and the literature is reviewed. There is a high degree of variability of hand and arm malformations ranging from minor brachydactyly to peromelia. Genetic causes do not appear to be important for the majority of cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An open, comparative study of sulbactam plus ampicillin vs. cefotaxime as initial therapy for serious soft tissue and bone and joint infections.

In an open, randomized, comparative study, patients with bone, joint, or soft-tissue infections were treated with sulbactam sodium plus ampicillin (sulbactam/ampicillin, 1 g of sulbactam and 2 g of ampicillin three times a day) or with cefotaxime (2 g three times a day) for two weeks as initial therapy. Thirteen patients were entered into the sulbactam/ampicillin group and nine into the cefotaxime group. Two weeks after the end of therapy, clinical cure or improvement was observed in all 13 patients treated with sulbactam/ampicillin and in seven of nine patients treated with cefotaxime. Staphylococcus aureus was not eliminated from one patient in each group. Recurrence of S. aureus infection occurred in two patients in the cefotaxime group within two weeks after the end of therapy. No adverse effects warranting discontinuation of antibiotic therapy were observed. The combination of sulbactam sodium plus ampicillin was at least equivalent to cefotaxime for the initial treatment of acute serious soft tissue and bone and joint infections.

Acute Disease↗