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Biomedical subjects

W Lang

Publications and source records attributed to W Lang.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Spontaneous disruption of two Greenfield vena caval filters.

Two cases of fractured Kimray-Greenfield vena caval filter struts in patients with pulmonary embolism are reported. Both filters were inserted without complications by means of a jugular approach. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated correct positioning of the filter. During the follow-up period in both cases the devices migrated caudally and penetrated the caval wall; however, the patients remained asymptomatic. Radiographs should be obtained in the follow-up period to ensure proper positioning of the vena caval filter even in asymptomatic patients.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1990

Use of beta 2-microglobulin level and CD4 lymphocyte count to predict development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 962 unmarried men recruited by probability sampling from areas in San Francisco, Calif, most severely affected by the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). From July 1984 to December 1987, 65 incident AIDS cases occurred in 388 homosexual/bisexual men infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the time of recruitment. The mean level of beta 2M in uninfected individuals at entry was 170 nmol/L. In HIV-seropositive patients who had not developed AIDS, the mean beta 2M level was 254 nmol/L, and in those who had developed AIDS, the beta 2M level was 347 nmol/L. After 36 months of follow-up, 34% of individuals with beta 2M levels greater than 322 nmol/L at entry developed AIDS, 21% of individuals with levels between 246 and 322 nmol/L developed AIDS, while only 7.3% of those with levels below 246 nmol/L developed AIDS. The beta 2M level predicted the development of AIDS independently of the CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV-seropositive individuals. Thus, 65.5% of HIV-seropositive individuals with beta 2M levels above 322 nmol/L and CD4 lymphocyte counts of below 500/microL developed AIDS in 3 years. This represents an 18.4-fold increased relative hazard at 3 years over individuals with beta 2M and CD4 cell counts within the reference range for uninfected individuals. A nomogram is provided that allows the easy calculation of the probability of an HIV-infected person developing AIDS in 36 months depending on prevalent levels of CD4 lymphocytes and serum beta 2M.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Determination of affinities of murine and chimeric anti alpha/beta-T-cell receptor antibodies by flow cytometry.

In this report we describe the use of a calibrated flow cytometer to quantify the expression of the human alpha/beta-T-cell-receptor on peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy human blood donors and on the T-cell line HPB-ALL. To calculate the maximum of antibodies which are needed to obtain antigen saturation per cell and to determine the affinity of murine and chimeric anti-TCR antibodies, we applied Scatchard-plot and double reciprocal Klotz-plot analyses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Cytomorphologic criteria of small cell bronchial cancer and its value in the determination of malignancy and histogenesis].

On the basis of 100 cases in which the diagnosis "small cell lung cancer" was confirmed both histologically and cytologically, the cytological criteria that indicated the presence of a small cell bronchial carcinoma were investigated. It was established that on the basis of cytological criteria, not only is differential diagnosis possible, but also, in contrast to the opinions of other authors (4), a clear differentiation of the subtypes. Furthermore, in a prospective study involving 455 biopsies obtained from the bronchus which were investigated histologically and cytologically at the same time, these criteria were checked. It was established that a 100% agreement with histology was achieved in the determination of the types of small cell bronchial carcinoma. In small cell carcinoma of the lung, a diagnostic gain of 7.7% is achieved.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of radiogenic prostate-urethra-rectum fistula].

Five patients with postirradiation prostatic urethrorectal fistules after treatment of localized carcinoma of the prostate by external beam and interstitial implantation with 125I seeds were treated by two different methods. Previous defunctioning colostomy and suprapubic tube diversion alone failed to close the lesion. Three patients underwent anterior rectal resection and restoration by deep colo-anal anastomosis. Two more patients were treated by anterior "pull-through-resection" with mucosectomy of the distal rectal stump and colo-anal sleeve anastomosis as described by Parks. In addition, omentum was used to fill the pelvis. This operative technique is favoured due to improved results.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Cytological diagnosis of intrathoracic epithelioid-cellular inflammations].

In the period between 1987 and 1989, 441 epitheliodcell granulomas were diagnosed on the basis of cytological investigations, and confirmed histologically. The material involved was obtained via perbronchial puncture, imprint preparations from bronchial biopsies, transbronchial biopsies and thoracoscopic biopsies. The sensitivity of the cytological investigations of imprint preparations in the case of small biopsies is some 7-12.5% better than that of the histological examination. Thus, the histological diagnosis is supplemented by cytology. In 92.9% of the cases, granulomatous disease was diagnosed on the basis of the evaluation of the perbronchial puncture material alone, so that in these cases, mediastinoscopy could have been avoided.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

Negative cortical DC shifts preceding and accompanying simple and complex sequential movements.

Negative cortical DC shifts preceding and accompanying the execution of four different motor tasks were analysed in 18 subjects (Ss): Repetitive flexions and extensions of the forefinger had to be performed either by the right (1) or the left (2) hand. This simple motor task was compared to a complex one in which flexions and extensions of forefinger and hand had to be alternated in a fixed sequence. The complex task had either to be performed by the right (3) or the left (4) hand. Thus, the four conditions differed in the side of the performing hand (right/left) and in task-complexity (simple/complex). After its voluntary initiation, each task had to be performed for at least a period of six seconds. A Bereitschaftspotential (BP) preceded the voluntary initiation of the movement. Task-performance was accompanied by a negative DC shift called a performance-related negativity (N-P). Amplitudes of BP and N-P were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the factors "performing hand" (right/left) and "task-complexity" (simple/complex). "Performing hand" had significant effects on N-BP and N-P in C3* and C4* (positioned over the primary motor cortex) but did not influence mid-central (Cz*), frontal (F3, Fz, and F4) or parietal (P3, Pz, P4) recordings. "Task-complexity" had significant effects on N-P in mid-central (Cz*, C1*, C2*) and parietal (P3, Pz) recordings with higher negativity for complex movements. Recordings in C3* and C4* did not vary with "task complexity".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): a report of 135 consecutive autopsy cases from Switzerland.

Neuropathological changes were studied in a consecutive autopsy series of 135 cases, comprising 73% of all patients who died of AIDS in Switzerland between April 1981 and December 1987. Central nervous system involvement was found in 119 patients (88%), 19 of which had multiple concomitant intracerebral lesions. Among the non-viral opportunistic infections, encephalitis due to Toxoplasma gondii was most frequent and occurred in 35 patients (26%), followed by central nervous system infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, which was found in five patients (4%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis was present in 14 patients (10%). Disseminated microglial nodules without morphological or immunocytochemical evidence of CMV was encountered in 18 patients (13%). However, in all but two of these patients there was evidence of extracerebral CMV infection, suggesting that CMV was responsible for these nodular encephalitides. Nine patients (7%) had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); in five of these, demyelination was associated with extensive tissue destruction and cyst formation. HIV-associated encephalopathy was observed in 21 patients (16%) and showed two characteristic morphological patterns: progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy (PDL) and multifocal giant cell encephalitis (MGCE). PDL was observed in 13 cases and characterized by diffuse pallor and gliosis of the cerebral and cerebellar white matter with scattered multinucleated giant cells, but without significant inflammatory response. MGCE was found in eight patients and characterized by clusters of numerous multinucleated giant cells, rod cells, macrophages, lymphocytic infiltrates and occasional necroses. In our view, PDL and MGCE represent the two opposite variants of HIV-induced encephalopathies, with overlapping intermediate manifestations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Alzheimer's disease: amyloid plaques in the cerebellum.

Two specific silver-staining methods demonstrating either extracellular amyloid and/or precursors of amyloid or intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes were used to examine cerebellar pathology in cases of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, cases of Down's syndrome, and non-demented controls. The sensitivity of the techniques permitted visualization of large numbers of amyloid deposits in the cerebellar cortex of demented individuals. Similarly large numbers of amyloid deposits were not found in the cerebella of non-demented individuals. Neurofibrillary changes were absent. The majority of amyloid plaques occurred in the molecular layer. Quite a number of these displayed large diameters extending from the upper surface down to the Purkinje cell layer. Within the granular layer and white matter the plaques were less frequently encountered and they were less voluminous than those of the molecular layer. The cerebellar amyloid plaques were morphologically different and could easily be distinguished from the cerebellar plaques found in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Associated carotid body tumour and pharyngeal pouch.

Paragangliomas are rare tumours which most commonly present as an asymptomatic neck mass. A small percentage of patients may have associated dysphagia. A 63-year-old male presented with a ten-month history of dysphagia. Physical examination revealed a pulsatile submandibular triangle neck mass. Computed tomography and angiography were diagnostic of a carotid body tumour. Barium swallow illustrated a hypopharyngeal pouch. He was treated by surgical excision of both lesions and cricopharyngeal myotomy. The simultaneous occurrence of both lesions has not been described before and highlights the need to find an alternative cause for dysphagia in patients with chemodectomas who fail to demonstrate oropharyngeal compression or lower cranial nerve palsies.

Carotid Body Tumor↗