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Biomedical subjects

W L Smith

Publications and source records attributed to W L Smith.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Acute gastric dilatation in neglected children.

Acute gastric dilatation occurred in five children suffering from parental neglect of deprivational dwarfism. Pathogenesis of acute gastric atony in the deprived child is related to structural and functional changes in the stomach due to chronic starvation, and the acute ingestion of a large meal. Radiographic recognition of acute gastric dilatation in a child who is not postoperative or intoxicated should suggest the presence of chronic starvation and child neglect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Percutaneous cholangiography in infants.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was attempted in eight infants with normal-size bile ducts and was successful in four. The technique described is feasible in the infant age group, and is useful in the infant with obstructive jaundice.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Chest film diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in infants with hyaline membrane disease.

Patent ductus arteriosus in an infant with hyaline membrane disease is usually a serious complication. To evaluate the diagnostic role of chest radiography in these infants, a double-blind study comparing patients with both hyaline membrane disease and patent ductus arteriosus and matched controls was undertaken. Three pediatric radiologists acted as observers. In no instance were they more reliable than chance in predicting the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. Analysis according to various clinical criteria (e.g., severity of illness, PAO2) also failed to show any subgroup in which the observers were accurate. From these data it is concluded that chest radiography does not play a significant role in the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in infants with hyaline membrane disease.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Tumors of the chest wall in infants and children.

Chest wall tumors of children may arise from subcutaneous tissues, the bony thorax, or extrapleural region. Review of experience at our institution and the literature indicates that primary bony tumors are most often malignant; Ewing's sarcoma is the most frequent in this category. Extrapleural tumors are rare but also usually malignant. Clinical and roentgen features of these lesions are discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Immunochemistry of prostaglandin endoperoxide-forming cyclooxygenases: the detection of the cyclooxygenases in rat, rabbit, and guinea pig kidneys by immunofluorescence.

Rabbit antiserum has been prepared against the prostaglandin endoperoxide-forming cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1) purified from sheep vesicular glands. Ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analyses indicate that the anti-cyclooxygenase serum is monospecific for the enzyme. The anti-cyclooxygenase serum reacts with both active and inactivated forms of the sheep vesicular gland (SVG) cyclooxygenase. Furthermore, the immune serum precipitates solubilized microsomal cyclooxygenases from each of six other tissues examined, including bovine seminal vesicle, rabbit kidney medulla, guinea pig lung, dog spleen, sheep uterus, and human platelets. Anti-SVG cyclooxygenase serum was used in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate )FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG to detect cyclooxygenases in cryostat sections from rat, rabbit and guinea pig kidneys by immunofluorescence. Highly prominent fluorescence was associated only with the epithelial cells lining the collecting ducts in rabbit and guinea pig kidneys, and except for the nucleus, was uniformly distributed within the interior of these cells. In rat kidney, fluorescence was detected not only in collecting tubules but also in the interstitial cells of the renal papilla. Our results are consistent with the emerging hypothesis that PGE2 produced intrarenally plays a physiological role in natriuresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Genetic analysis of phototactic behavior in Drosophila simulans.

Phototaxis mazes have been employed to select photopositive and photonegative strains of Drosophila simulans. The results suggest that phototactic behavior in D. simulans, as in other Drosophila species, is a polygenic trait. Hybridization using divergent strains revealed that the genes controlling negative phototactic behavior in D. simulans are autosomal, as opposed to D. melanogaster in which negative phototactic behavior is known to be very strongly sex-linked.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Radiographic artifacts caused by the laundering of flame-retardant materials.

Federal law now mandates the use of flame retardants in children's sleepwear, and regulations are pending in several areas to require their use in all hospital fabrics. These flame retardants produce radiographic artifacts due to their alteration of fabric surface properties. Knowledge of the cause of these problems and their solution should be of help in radiographic interpretation and should save patient expense and radiographic exposure.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1977

Angiographic determination of arterial patency after percutaneous catheterization in infants and small children.

Patency of the femoral artery of infants and children who previously had percutaneous arterial catheterization at a weight of less than 25 kg was studied angiographically. During the study period, 118 patients had repeat arterial catheterization. 48 from the opposite leg. Femoral artery occlusion was found in four patients, while 44 of the 48 studied from the opposite leg had complete patency. At the later study, all four with blockage were asymptomatic and possessed good pedal pulses, while two had decreased femoral pulsations. When events surrounding initial catheterization were retrospectively analyzed, three of four had decreased pedal pulsations beyond six hours. It is concluded that 3-8% of patients weighing less than 25 kg have arterial occlusion after catheterization. This complication may be entirely asymptomatic, but these patients will require continued observation for possible late vascular problems.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Fluid-filled cystic adenomatoid malformation.

Two infants with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung are described. The condition progressed from an unusual solid radiographic appearance to the more classical air-filled cystic appearance. The initial appearance is due to delayed emptying of the alveolar fluid either via the bronchi or the lymphatic and circulatory systems. After the fluid is removed, the typical air-filled cysts become apparent.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Necrotizing enterocolitis with recurrent hepatic portal venous gas.

Two separate episodes of pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas were observed in a premature infant with necrotizing enterocolitis. Although HPVG has previously been considered an ominous roentgenographic sign, the infant survived without surgical intervention. As in several cases reported by others, clinical and roentgenographic signs of NEC reappeared when enteric feedings were restarted prior to 10 days of medical therapy.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1976

Early onset group B streptococcal disease: clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features.

Thirty-one neonates with early onset of serious group B streptococcal infections were observed in a four-year period. The mortality was 52%. Premature infants with clinical signs of respiratory distress syndrome were at highest risk of death; clinical signs of RDS were typical until apnea, shock, respiratory failure, and worsening of the radiographic pattern unexpectedly intervened. Pathologic material from infants with radiographic evidence either of RDS or of pneumonia showed both typical hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia in most instances. Factors which may be helpful in recognizing premature infants at risk for GBS disease in the much larger group of premature infants with uncomplicated RDS include: history of artificial, premature, or prolonged rupture of membranes; localized pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram; low absolute neutrophil count; and an unusually rapid progression of RDS.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Pneumoesophagus as a sign of H type tracheoesophageal fistula.

Two patients with H type tracheoesophageal fistulae demonstrated prominent pneumoesophagus and gaseous distention of the bowel after endotracheal intubation and positive-pressure ventilation. This report discusses the pathophysiology of these events and emphasizes the significance of these findings.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Biosynthesis of yeast mannan. Isolation of Kluyveromyces lactis mannan mutants and a study of the incorporation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine into the polysaccharide side chains.

One side chain in the cell wall mannan of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has the structure (see article). (Raschke, W. C., and Ballou, C. E. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 3807). This (Man)4GNAc unit (the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine derivative of mannotetroase) and the (Man)4 side chain, aMan(1 yields 3)aMan(1 yields 2)aMan(1 yields 2)Man, are the principle immunochemical determinants on the cell surface. Two classes of mutants were obtained which lack the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-containing determinant. The mannan of one class, designated mmnl, lacks both the (Man)4GNAc and (Man)4 side chains. Apparently, it has a defective alpha-1 yields 3-mannosyltransferase and the (Man)4 unit must be formed to serve as the acceptor before the alpha-1 yields 2-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase can act. The other mutant class, mnn2, lacks only the (Man)4GNAc determinant and must be defective in adding N-acetylglucosamine to the mannotetrasose side chains. Two members of this class were obtained, one which still showed a wild type N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity in cell-free extracts and the other lacking it. They are allelic or tightly linked, and were designated mnn2-1 mnn2-2. Protoplast particles from the wild type cells catalyzed a Mn2+-dependent transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to the mannotetraose side chain of endogenous acceptors. Exogenous mannotetraose also served as an acceptor in a Mn2+-dependent reaction and yielded (Man)4GNAc. Related oligosaccharides with terminal alpha (1 yields 3)mannosyl units were also good acceptors. The product from the reaction with alphaMan(1 yields 3)Man had the N-acetylglucosamine attached to the mannose unit at the reducing end, which supports the conclusion that the cell-free glycosyltransferase activity is identical with that involved in mannan synthesis. The reaction was inhibited by uridine diphosphate. Protoplast particles from the mmnl mutants showed wild type N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity with exogenous acceptor, but they had no endogenous activity because the endogenous mannan lacked acceptor side chains. Particles from the mnn2-1 mutant failed to catalyze N-acetylglucosamine transfer. In contrast, particles from the mnn2-2 mutant were indistinguishable from wild type cells in their transferase activity. Some event accompanying cell breakage and assay of the mnn2-2 mutant allowed expression of a latent alpha-1 yields 2-N-acetylglucosamine transferase with kinetic properties similar to those of the wild type enzyme.

Acetylglucosamine↗