Biomedical subjects
W L Robson
Publications and source records attributed to W L Robson.
Playground safety.
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Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. The authors report their experience with D+ HUS with 114 patients assessed in Calgary from 1980 to 1992. Epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic aspects are discussed.
Nephrotic syndrome in childhood.
MLNS is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in childhood and has a very good prognosis. Other histologic types have a varying prognosis. Corticosteroid treatment induces a remission in the majority of patients with nephrotic syndrome. Every effort should be made to reduce the total dose of corticosteroid so as to minimize the potential for corticosteroid-induced side effects.
The use of cow's milk in infancy.
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Mongolian spots and GM1 gangliosidosis type one.
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Nightmares.
Nightmares are unpleasant or frightening dreams that occur sporadically in virtually all children. The peak incidence occurs between 3 and 6 years of age. Developmental, genetic, psychological, and organic factors have been identified as causes of nightmares. Nightmares usually occur in the middle of the night or in the early morning when rapid eye movement sleep is more common. The content of the nightmare almost always involves a specific danger to the child. On awakening, the child is fully alert, may be easily calmed or comforted, and can usually recall the details of the nightmare. Sporadic nightmares are common in children and require reassurance only. If nightmares are frequent and persistent, a psychological evaluation of the child and family is indicated.
Patients with macroscopic hematuria. Importance of examining multiple urine specimens.
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The ABZzzzs of snoring.
Snorers sleep through their obnoxiously loud breathing, but other members of their household often do not. Their bed partner and family members may grow so tired of the noise that they insist the offender seek medical attention. Physiologic problems such as obesity, narrowing of the airway, or inadequate oropharyngeal muscle tone often can be identified as the cause of snoring. Whenever possible, the underlying disorder should be treated.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a child with Prader-Willi syndrome.
We describe a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. She had a deletion at 15q11-13. The deletion may have made the child susceptible to renal disease.
The circumcision question.
Neonatal circumcision continues to be a controversial subject. The American Academy of Pediatrics has revised its earlier policy, stating that newborn circumcision has potential benefits as well as risks and emphasizing the need to explain these issues to parents considering the procedure so that an informed decision can be made. Compared with circumcised males, uncircumcised males are at greater risk for urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted disease, phimosis, paraphimosis, and balanoposthitis. Complications of circumcision include infection, hemorrhage, and meatal stenosis. Analgesia should be prescribed for the substantial pain associated with the procedure. Alternatives to circumcision include retraction of the foreskin with use of local or general anesthesia. Regular foreskin hygiene is important for all males, whether circumcised or not.
The association of urinary tract anomalies and abnormalities of the nipples.
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Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with Aeromonas hydrophila enterocolitis.
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Association of preauricular sinuses and renal anomalies.
Renal ultrasonography was performed on 69 children who had a preauricular sinus. Three children (4.3%) were found to have a significant renal anomaly. Two children had hydronephrosis secondary to vesicoureteric reflux. One patient with branchio-oto-renal syndrome had an absent left kidney and a hypoplastic right kidney associated with two dysplastic arteries. Renal anomalies were significantly more common in patients with a preauricular sinus than the 1 percent incidence of renal anomalies reported in the general population. We recommend that renal ultrasonography be performed on all children with a preauricular sinus.
Congenital urinary anomalies and myelodysplasia.
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Failure to thrive--or physiologic adjustment to growth?
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Human bites in children.
Human bites are common during childhood and usually result from fights or aggressive play with another child. Bites may present as indentation marks, scratches, abrasions, contusions, or lacerations. Most human bite wounds are sustained on the upper extremities, followed by the face and neck, the trunk, and the lower extremities. Infection is the most common complication. Cultures of an infected bite wound yield an average of five microorganisms. This article reviews the current recommendations on the management of human bite wounds in children.
Erythema toxicum present at birth.
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