Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W L Olszewski

Publications and source records attributed to W L Olszewski.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Surgical trauma evokes a rise in the frequency of hematopoietic progenitor cells and cytokine levels in blood circulation.

Alterations in the mononuclear cell populations in the blood circulation are among the most characteristic changes after surgical trauma. They reflect changes in the hematopoietic compartment which develop following surgery. The process of mobilization and differentiation of the hematopoietic population is regulated by cytokines known as growth factors for stem and progenitor cells (SCF, IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, IL-1L, TNF, CSFs). Our question was whether operative trauma resulted in the release of the hematopoietic progenitor cells to the blood circulation and an increase in the blood level of cytokines participating in hematopoiesis. The studies were carried out in patients with chronic cholelithiasis, undergoing elective open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. An increase in the frequency of circulating CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells was seen between days 3 and 7 after surgery. Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of immature cells of myeloid lineage (CD13+, CD14+, CD33+) was seen on the 1st and 3rd postoperative days. This could be the result of an expansion of the total bone marrow cell number after surgery and a subsequent release of these cells into the blood circulation. The changes in blood cell populations were accompanied by an increase in IL-6 on days 1, 3, and 7 following surgery, in IL-6sR on days 10 and 14 and in IL-8 on days 1 and 3. No significant changes in IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3 and IL-11 were noted. A small rise in GM-CSF was noted in few patients on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days. It is known that IL6 is involved in hematopoiesis, that the IL6-IL-6sR complex may induce both proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and that IL8 possesses progenitor cell mobilization properties. The appearance of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the blood following surgery may represent a process for the expansion of the immune cell pool after trauma and maintaining of the reserves at a certain level.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pathways of antigen traffic from skin allotransplant to recipient lymph nodes--an evolutionarily developed route for initiation of rejection of foreign antigens.

Immune events developing in the bed of skin allograft and draining lymphatics and lymph nodes are probably a copy of what happens in skin after invasion by bacteria, viruses or fungi. The mechanism of local immune response developed in skin during the evolution and is highly conserved and efficient in elimination of foreign antigens. This is why the take of a skin allograft is so difficult and immunosuppressive measures applied after allogeneic skin transplantation remain so ineffective. Authors present their results of studies on the human skin immune humoral and cellular factors, underlining their specificities and differences compared with blood. They also analyze the role of non-immunological factors, such as tissue fluid formation and lymph flow in transportation of alloantigen to the lymph nodes. The migratory properties of immune cells are an indispensable factor in transfer of alloantigen to the lymph nodes. Understanding of the evolutionarily developed immune events in skin may allow to analyze the process of skin allograft rejection and can give hints for more effective immunosuppressive policy.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Sinusoidal lymphocytes of liver graft may limit the recurrence of hepatic tumor in liver transplant recipients.

The liver immune function is associated with specific lymphocyte population transiently marginated in the liver sinusoids. These cells are of blood origin, however they are phenotypically and functionally different from peripheral blood lymphocytes. The question arises whether tumor proliferating in the liver can modify cell recruitment and function of marginating sinusoidal lymphocytes. Studies were performed in Wistar rats. Livers of normal and colon cancer (induced by i.v. injection of CC531 cells) metastases bearing rats were perfused for sinusoidal lymphocyte isolation. Our studies showed no difference between the number of lymphocytes retained in sinusoids of tumor bearing and normal rats. T lymphocyte subsets remained in similar proportions in liver with colorectal metastases as in normal rats. Long lasting presence of tumor in the liver was accompanied by decreased cytotoxic activity of liver sinusoidal lymphocytes, whereas it had no influence on cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Repopulation of tumor liver with peripheral blood cells restored cytotoxic activity of sinusoidal lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Body distribution of syngeneic and allogeneic cells from vascularized bone marrow graft.

In the previous studies we showed that vascularized bone marrow graft (VBMtx) in transplanted rat hind limb brings about complete repopulation of syngeneic recipient BM cavities and lymphoid organs within 10 days. Transplantation of an equivalent number of bone marrow cells (BMC) in suspension did not produce repopulation until day 30. In this study we present data on transplantation of allogeneic VBM and compare them with those obtained in a syngeneic combination. In the LEW or BN to LEW combination BM cells were labelled with 51Cr, injected i.v., 24 h later the hind limb was amputated and transplanted to a LEW rat. BM cells emigrated from the transplanted limb to the recipient and distributed in BM cavities and lymphoid tissues. In the LEW to LEW combination the level of radioactivity in recipient tibia was after 24 h 0.85, in spleen 2.43, in mesenteric lymph node 0.52%/g of tissue, whereas in the BN to LEW model it was 0.11, 1.83 and 0.15%, respectively. The calculated numbers of BM cells which populated recipient tissues were 8-10-times lower in the allogeneic compared with syngeneic combination. This was probably due to the nonspecific elimination of some subsets of BM cells (allogeneic BMC cytotoxicity). Administration of anti-asialo GMI antiserum to the recipient abrogated the cytotoxic effect. Taken together, major differences in kinetics of seeding and repopulation of BMC from VBMTx were found. Elimination of recipient NK cells with AAGMI antiserum attenuated the nonspecific cytotoxic effect. This protocol allows protection of the grafted BMC and increases the efficacy of the transplant.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Microchimerism following allogeneic vascularized bone marrow transplantation--its possible role in induction of posttransplantation tolerance.

We have noticed that bone marrow transplanted in a vascularized limb graft providing a continuous supply of donor BMC may prolong the survival time of skin graft from the same donor. The question arises whether the raised microchimerism plays a role in the prolonged survival of skin allograft. The aim of the study was to follow the development of microchimerism after allogeneic vascularized bone marrow transplantation (VBMTx) concomitantly with the rejection processes of transplanted skin. The BN rats served as donors and LEW rats as recipients of VBMTx and free skin flap allograft. Hind limb was transplanted followed by a full-thickness skin graft on the dorsum. Cellular microchimerism was investigated in recipients of VBMTx and skin grafts in blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph node and bone marrow with monoclonal antibody OX27 directed against MHC class I polymorthic RTI on BN cells and quantitatively analysed in FACStar. In VBMTx group free skin flap survived 70 days after weaning of CsA. Intravenous infusion of BMC in suspension equivalent to that grafted in hind limb did not prolong skin graft survival after cessation of CsA therapy. Donor-derived cells could be detected in VBMTx recipients as long 70 days after wearing of CsA but not in recipients of i.v. suspension BMC grafting.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Protection of heart and rejection of lymphocyte allografts from the same donor in recipients of donor-specific transfusions.

Organ allografts survive in hosts treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The question arises as to whether cells isolated from organ or tissue of an allogeneic donor and transplanted to a genetically disparate recipient can also benefit from the immunosuppressive regimen. We reported previously that the DST (donor specific transfusion) recipients accept heart allografts but reject hyperacutely i.v. infused lymphocytes from the same as DST donor. The present study was devoted to elucidation of the mechanism of these divergent processes. Syngeneic BN hearts and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were transplanted to LEW rats pretreated one week previously with donor specific blood transfusions. The allogeneic BN lymphocytes transplanted i.v. to LEW rats receiving one BN DST were rejected hyperacutely within 6 hrs, whereas BN heart grafts transplanted to the BN DST-treated LEW recipients survived 14 +/- 2 days. Adoptive transfer of LEW anti-BN DST sera to naive LEW rats caused destruction of the transplanted BN lymphocytes. The LEW BN DST recipients possessed IgG and IgM class alloantibodies binding to BN lymphocytes and heart endothelial cells. mAbs against MHC class I (OX18) and class II (OX6) antigens neither blocked binding of antibodies of DST-recipient sera to BN lymphocytes nor protected the preincubated BN lymphocytes against destruction after transplantation. Western blot analysis revealed that alloantibodies from DST-recipient sera bound strongly to BN lymphocyte membrane proteins of 60 kd m.w. but not to 45 kd and 30 kd MHC class I and II proteins. Taken together, DST has no protective effect on intravenously transplanted cells. In contrast, it accelerates the rejection. Alloantibodies present in DST-recipient sera "shield" antigens on the surface of organ allograft endothelial cells, thereby protecting them from recognition and cytotoxic effect. Simultaneously, these alloantibodies "opsonize" the intravenously transplanted lymphocytes and facilitate their halting in lymphoid organs and subsequent lysis. Antibodies other than those directed against MHC seem to mediate both these processes. The results of these studies provide also evidence that the effector mechanism of rejection may be different depending on location of the graft, in the lymphoid as in case of transplanted lymphocytes or in non-lymphoid tissues as heart grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cyclosporin A decreases lymphocyte migration to the heart allograft through suppression of their L-selectin expression.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) changes the distribution of the circulating pool of lymphocytes and decreases their traffic to organ allograft. The mechanism of this process is complex and includes, among others, inhibition of induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells and suppression of GM CSF and E-selectin expression. We studied the expression adhesion molecules CD11a, CD18, CD44, CD54 and CD62L on the thoracic duct lymphocytes of rats treated with CsA. The 7-day administration of CsA evidently decreased the expression of CD62L but did not affect the other adhesion molecules. Lower concentration of CD62L molecules on the surface of circulating lymphocytes may influence their migration to allograft and distribution in host lymphoid tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bacteriologic studies of skin, tissue fluid, lymph, and lymph nodes in patients with filarial lymphedema.

Filarial lymphedema is complicated by frequent episodes of dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA). It is not certain whether DLA is of filarial or bacterial etiology. The frequency of episodic DLA does not depend on the presence or absence of microfilariae. Antibiotic therapy is effective in prevention and treatment of DLA. These observations point to the bacterial rather than filarial etiology of DLA. Skin and lymph node biopsies, tissue fluid, lymph, and blood from patients with chronic filarial lymphedema, and during acute episodes of DLA, were cultured for detection of bacteria. A high prevalence of bacterial isolates from the tissue fluid (64%), lymph (75%), and inguinal lymph nodes (66%) of limbs with filarial lymphedema was found. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis, S. capitis, S. xylosus, and Micrococcus spp. were the most common isolates. Bacteria were also isolated from the blood of patients with recent episodes of DLA, with strains of the same phenotype and antibiotic sensitivity in all specimens from patients with DLA. Bacterial strains of the same phenotype and antibiotic sensitivity were documented on the toe web surface and in tissue fluid (25%), lymph (26%), or lymph nodes (41%). Increasing prevalence of bacterial isolates in tissue fluid, lymph, and lymph nodes was observed in advanced stages of lymphedema. Bacilli and cocci were sensitive to gentamicin, tetracyline, rifampicin, vancomycin, kanamycin and cotrimoxazole, and least sensitive to penicillin. Blood cultures of patients in the periods between DLA attacks were negative. In healthy controls without edema and episodes of DLA, tissue fluid did not contain bacteria. In lymph, only single colonies of Micrococcus and Acinetobacter were cultured in 12% of the cases. Impaired lymph drainage and lack of elimination of penetrating bacteria may be responsible for progression of lymphedema and recurrent attacks of DLA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Comparative analysis of immunological reconstitution induced by vascularized bone marrow versus bone marrow cell transplantation.

We have reported previously that vascularized bone marrow transplantation (VBMT) in an orthotopic hind limb graft brings about complete repopulation of bone marrow cavities in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients within 10 days. Intravenous infusion of an equivalent volume of bone marrow cell suspension was evidently less effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reconstitution of immunocompetent compartments of lethally irradiated syngeneic rats after VBMT. Lewis rat hind limbs were transplanted orthotopically into irradiated recipients. Ten days after irradiation and bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes, and sera from rats were harvested. Mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were analyzed. The responsiveness for mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (MLNL) to mitogens and cell proliferation in the presence of sera and bone marrow cell (BMC) culture supernatants were measured. Our studies have shown that vascularized bone marrow transplantation brings about rapid replenishment of lymphoid organs of lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. The repopulating subsets are fully responsive to mitogens. Sera from reconstituting rats had no effect on the proliferation of mature lymphocytes. Intravenous infusion of a number of BMC in suspension equivalent to that grafted in hind limb transplant was less efficient in reconstitution of lymphoid tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Liver sinusoidal lymphocytes: their immune functions.

Recent studies strongly suggest that the liver plays an important immunoregulatory role. Evidence of its role in general immune responsiveness originates from observation that, in recipients of liver grafts, the survival of other allografts is significantly prolonged. The question arises as to which blood lymphocyte subsets, most likely to be responsible for this phenomenon, marginate in liver sinusoids. To study this problem, a liver ex vivo perfusion model was designed for rats. In situ W/WAG livers were washed clear of sinusoidal marginating cells prior to and after 1 h perfusion with syngeneic blood. The number of blood cells retained in liver sinusoids, their phenotypes, the responsiveness to mitogen (PHA, 90 micrograms/ ml) and cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumour cells were examined. Our studies showed that rat liver retains in the sinusoids a population of blood cells, enriched in NK, CD8+ and MHC class II+ cells, displaying a high cytotoxic activity and low responsiveness to mitogen stimulation, with a capacity of about 10(6) cells/g of tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Blood cytokine levels rise even after minor surgical trauma.

The exact changes in cytokine production and clinical implications of the increased cytokine levels following operative trauma remain unclear. In this study, systemic production of a spectrum of cytokines, including IL1 alpha, IL1 beta, IL6, IL8, IL10, and IFN gamma, was examined in patients undergoing minor elective operative trauma. The levels of IL1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL6 soluble receptor (sR) were also determined. Although there were no changes in IL1 alpha and IL1 beta plasma levels during the entire observation period, there was a significant rise in IL1 ra level in all patients between postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 14. A significant increase in the IL6 plasma level was seen on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery and an increase in the IL6 sR level was observed on postoperative days 10 and 14. Interestingly, the IL8 plasma values had risen significantly on days 1 and 3 following the operation. In some patients, an elevation in IL10 plasma level was noted on days 1 and 3 postsurgery. Results demonstrated that even a minor surgical procedure such as cholecystectomy with uneventful wound healing was followed by an appearance in the blood circulation of significant levels of cytokines between day 1 and day 14 after surgery. These observations point to the necessity of searching for methods of down-regulating the systemic cytokine effects after surgical trauma for the routine postoperative management.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Normal human immune peritoneal cells: subpopulations and functional characteristics.

Normal human peritoneal cells collected during elective laparatomy from patients with gallbladder stones without clinically detectable inflammatory changes were characterized phenotypically with immunocytochemical method and flow cytometry, with special attention paid to the presence of memory cells. The responsiveness of normal PCs to mitogen and, specifically, the role of peritoneal macrophages in this process was studied. The peritoneal cells consisted of 45% of monocytes/ macrophages (CD68+), as many as CD2+ T lymphocytes, 8% CD57+ NK and K 2% CD22+ B, cells. The CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.4. The peritoneal cells did not express interleukin-2 (CD25+) and transferrin receptors (CD71+) on their surface. Approximately 49% of the peritoneal cells were class II MHC antigen positive cells. Two per cent of S100+ dendritic cells were found. Flow cytometric two-colour analysis revealed that the majority of peritoneal CD4+ (92.4%) and CD8+ (73.1%) lymphocytes, while only 50.2% of CD4+ and 30.1% CD8+ peripheral blood cells expressed simultaneously the CD45R0 (UCHL1) molecule, which is characteristic to the memory/effector T-cell subpopulation. Peritoneal T lymphocytes responded to the mitogens less than peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same individual. Supplementation of cell culture with anti-macrophage (anti-CD68) and anti-HLA-DR MoAb brought about a dose-dependent decrease of proliferative peritoneal cell response to ConA. The authors conclude that human peritoneal cell population comprises a high proportion of T lymphocytes and macrophages capable of presenting antigens to peritoneal lymphocytes. High prevalence of memory lymphocytes points to the preparedness of these cells to react with invading antigens most likely of gut bacterial origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Episodic dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA) in patients with lymphedema of the lower extremities before and after administration of benzathine penicillin: a preliminary study.

Dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA) is a common and serious complication of obstructive peripheral lymphedema. The clinical characteristics of acute DLA are local tenderness and erythema of the skin, sometimes red streaks along the distribution of the superficial lymphatics and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Systemic symptoms include malaise, fever and chills. In its subacute or latent form, only skin involvement is observed. Each episode of DLA is commonly followed by worsening of leg swelling. Numerous clinical studies suggest that administration of antibiotic drugs interrupt the acute episodes and prevent their recurrence. We investigated the clinical course of lymphedema with respect to the prevalence of DLA in patients receiving injections of long-acting penicillin (benzathine penicillin). Forty-five randomly selected patients with obstructive lymphedema of the lower limbs were included in an open clinical trial. The inclusion criteria was stage II-IV lymphedema of postsurgical, posttraumatic, and postdermatitis type with at least 3 previous episodes of DLA. Benzathine penicillin (PCN) was given after the last presenting episode of DLA in a dose of 1,200,000 u, intramuscularly at 3-week intervals, for at least one year. Each patient was reevaluated at 3-month intervals. They were instructed in early diagnosis of DLA and reported promptly to the responsible senior surgeon with prodrome symptoms of recurrent DLA. The duration of lymphedema before initiation of therapy was 7 months to 40 years and the frequency of DLA was 1-6 episodes per year. PCN administration lasted for at least one year but was extended in all patients because of the tendency for recurrence of DLA after cessation of PCN injections. In 26 of these patients, PCN administration extended to over 5 years and in 2 over 10 years. Recurrent episodes of DLA occurred in the PCN-treated group during one year follow-up in only 4 of the 45 patients (9%). The frequency episodes in 3 patients with recurrent DLA was 1-2/year; in one patient, no positive effect of PCN therapy was observed. There were no apparent side effects of long-term PCN therapy. These data, although evaluated without a placebo group, suggest that long-term PCN administration decreases the frequency of DLA attacks and furthermore provide justification for carrying out a double-blind randomly placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic drug treatment in forestalling DLA episodes.

Adult↗