[Component analysis of the symbol and distance effect using eye movement measurements].
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Distance Perception↗
Biomedical subjects
W Krause
Publications and source records attributed to W Krause.
[Retardation problems within the scope of prematurity].
Among 804 short-weight infants (birth weight less than 2500 g) born at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, from 1. 1. 1978 to 31. 12. 1981, one-third were small for gestational age babies. These hypotrophic infants showed, in relation to premature infants (appropriate for gestational age) a higher prenatal and intranatal mortality (statistically not significant). A frequent severe foetal distress mainly on the background of chronic or subacute placental insufficiency implied a higher rate of obstetrical operations by the hypotrophic infants. This was particularly evident by the incidence of caesarean sections (24.7% : 15.2% respectively). The premature hypotrophic infants had the highest caesarean section incidence, amounting to 30.3%. Postnatal adaptation proved more favourable with the small for gestational age babies than with the premature group. There was in fact a statistically significantly lower rate of asphyxiated infants detectable by means of APGAR-score less than or equal to 7 five minutes after labour and a lower neonatal and late mortality in spite of "acidotic morbidity", which was statistically significantly higher in the group of small for date infants (p less than 0.05). We consider as possible cause a higher average duration of gestation with approximately average birth weights. The difference in the clinical behaviour between the premature-hypotrophic and hypotrophic infants were smaller than between the premature-eutrophic and hypotrophic infants. This contradictory behaviour before, during and after labour requires the specialist to be capable of meeting the diagnostic and therapeutical requirements in every respect.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
[The relative radiation intensity on the human skin surface in UV-irradiation cabins].
Measurements were made of the relative distribution of ultraviolet radiation intensity on the surface of the human body in UV cabins manufactured by Waldmann in the Federal Republic of Germany (UV 1000 and UV 6000). The dosimeter worked on a photoelectric base. It was demonstrated that ultraviolet light energy is quite homogeneous in the trunk but that it decreases in the area of the head and legs. This phenomenon is caused by the non-homogeneous distribution of ultraviolet light as a result of the lamps used in the cabin.
Humans↗
[Lipid composition of microsomes and mitochondria of the rat kidney cortex].
The lipid content, phospholipid composition and fatty acid composition of the predominant phospholipids were determined in cortical mitochondria and microsomes of rat kidney. Microsomes have a higher lipid content than mitochondria due to their higher content of phospholipid and cholesterol. Both subcellular fractions differ in their phospholipid composition. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine form together about 80% and 60% of total phospholipid in mitochondria and microsomes, respectively. The fatty acid patterns of the major phospholipids in mitochondria and microsomes are very similar. Our detailed data will be a well founded basis for studying the influence of pathological events on the lipid composition of kidney.
Animals↗
[Helminth infestations in non-European travellers--results of stool examinations 1973-1981 in the district of Leipzig (East Germany)].
Infestations with helminths of non-European travellers--results of stool examinations 1973-1981 in the region of Leipzig (GDR). In the years 1973-1981 6,530 foreigners from 98 non-European nations were examined helminthologically by means of 15,288 koproovoscopic samples of stool. Altogether 52% of the examined persons were found to be infected with helminths. 15 species or groups of species were found. 38% of the examined persons were infested with Trichuris trichiura, 21% with "Ancylostomatidae" and 17% with Ascaris lumbricoides. Travellers from South and Southeast Asia showed the highest rate of infestation--93% on average (Vietnamese: 98%). The smallest rate of infestation (12%) was found with persons from Central and East Asia (Mongolians: 0.4%). Multiinfestations were frequent (Laos 67.4%, Vietnam 65.3% of the examined persons).
Adolescent↗
[Experiences with the RM isoelastic hip endoprosthesis].
Since June 1979 we implant the RM isoelastic total hip endoprosthesis in younger patients (average age 53 years). Up to now 391 endoprostheses have been implanted. A follow-up examination of 60 operated hips in 55 patients 3 and 4 years after the implantation of the endoprosthesis was possible. In 46 hips there was no pain at all, in 12 hips a light or medium pain and in 2 hips a severe pain. 35 hips showed a range of motion of more than 90 degrees and between 30 degrees and 90 degrees. All patients were able to walk, 37 patients more than 1 hour. The patients declared the results of the operation in 50 hips to be very good or good, in 4 hips to be fair and in 6 hips to be poor. 5 times a potential loosening of the stem could be found.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Epididymitis. Studies on its etiology and pathogenesis with special reference to Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum].
A standardized clinical and microbiological diagnostic examination was conducted on 137 patients with acute or chronic epididymitis (cardinal symptom: painful swelling of the epididymis). Patients with spontaneous secretion from the urethra were examined according to the methods of urethritis diagnosis, patients without it with the four-glass test. Gram-negative bacteria and enterococci were responsible for 27.7% of the infections. Additional tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas increased the microbiological rate of diagnosis to 65.7%. Demonstration of Ureaplasma urealyticum in significant numbers was always associated with urethritis or prostatitis. Chlamydia trachomatis was demonstrated especially in younger, sexually active men with epididymitis but without accompanying urethritis or prostatitis. The most striking clinical finding was a disturbance in bladder emptying in about one third of all patients with epididymitis, regardless of age.
Adult↗
[In vitro digestibility of original and modified protein isolate from faba beans].
Protein isolate from Vicia faba (API) and 18 different partial hydrolysates of API as well as plasteins produced from them were submitted to an in vitro digestion with pepsin and pancreatic proteases at their specific pH-optimum. By means of this technique a final value of hydrolysis (49,8 +/- 3,0)% was obtained with all investigated samples, in spite of the different intensity of the preliminary hydrolysis. Two samples with a degree of preliminary hydrolysis of 35% showed with 55% and 56%, respectively, a significantly higher final value. From the results may be assumed that by means of partial hydrolysis and plastein formation only such peptides will be formed which are again hydrolyzable in vitro.
Fabaceae↗
Determination of 17 beta-hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-propyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with single-ion detection.
The topical anti-androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-propyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one is determined in plasma samples by extracting with ether and subsequent mass fragmentography with single-ion detection at m/z 303. 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-pentyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, added to the samples before extraction, is used as the internal standard. Reproducibility was calculated to be +/- 5.9% at the 5-ng/mL level and 0.4% at the 20-ng/mL level. The limit of detection is approximately 1 ng/mL. Total gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis time is approximately 10 min/sample.
Administration, Topical↗
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the ergot derivative, transdihydrolisuride, in man.
Plasma levels and urinary excretion of the dopamine agonist, transdihydrolisuride (TDHL), were measured by radioimmunoassay in healthy male volunteers given TDHL 50 micrograms i.v. and oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 micrograms. Plasma prolactin was also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following i.v. injection, the concentration of TDHL declined with a half-life of 37 +/- 19 min. The total clearance was 38 +/- 27 ml/min/kg and the apparent volume of distribution was 1.3 +/- 0.41/kg. The bioavailability of oral TDHL was proportional to the dose; after 200, 400 and 800 micrograms the bioavailability was 20 +/- 25%, 31 +/- 24% and 48 +/- 26%. TDHL was almost totally metabolized and less than 0.5% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine in 24 h. Plasma prolactin levels were depressed by 66 +/- 15%, 75 +/- 11% and 80 +/- 7% after TDHL 200 micrograms, 400 micrograms and 800 micrograms. The effect lasted for more than 12 h after the lowest dose and for more than 24 h after 400 and 800 micrograms. Side effects, mainly nausea and headache, only occurred at the two highest dose levels.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of mepindolol in patients with chronic renal failure.
Five patients with a creatinine clearance of 14 to 37 ml/min/1.73 m2 were each given an oral dose of 10 mg of the beta-blocker mepindolol sulphate (Corindolan). In addition, two dialysis patients received the same dose either during hemodialysis or on a dialysis-free day. Plasma levels of mepindolol were measured by a sensitive, specific HPLC method. Mepindolol was rapidly absorbed in all the patients. The maximum plasma level of 35 +/- 8 ng/ml was reached after 1.4 +/- 0.5 h. The half-life of disposition was 4.0 +/- 1.5 h. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 237 +/- 84 ng X h/ml. The data obtained were no different from those found in normal healthy volunteers.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the prostacyclin analogue, ZK 36 374, in the beagle dog.
Tritium-labelled ZK 36 374 was administered to three female beagle dogs intravenously and orally in a dose of 200 micrograms/kg. Blood and plasma levels and excretion with urine and feces of drug and metabolites were measured. ZK 36 374 was rapidly absorbed. The bioavailability was estimated as about 10% of the dose. The concentration of radio-labelled compounds in the plasma declined in three phases with half-lives of 3 min, 46 min and approx. 2 d. The half-life of the unchanged drug was 14 min. ZK 36 374 was totally metabolized and excreted mainly via the kidneys.
Biotransformation↗
Development of a radioimmunoassay and its application to the pharmacokinetics of the stable prostacyclin analogue, nileprost, in the rat.
The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for measuring concentrations of nileprost , a stable prostacyclin analogue, is described. The RIA method, furthermore, is applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nileprost in the rat. Antiserum against nileprost was raised in rabbits by immunizing with the drug coupled to bovine serum albumin via the carboxylic group. Nileprost is extracted from plasma samples using a reversed-phase Sep- PakR cartridge. The limit of detection is less than 10 pg/ml. At the 1.25 ng/ml level intra- and inter-assay variations of 6 and 16% were calculated. Following intravenous injection of 200 micrograms/kg to female Wistar rats, a three-phasic decline in plasma levels was observed with half-lives of 10 min, 30 min and 7.4 h. Oral doses of 200 and 2,000 micrograms/kg were very rapidly absorbed exhibiting maximum concentrations in the plasma of 20 and 30 ng/ml as early as 5 min postadministration . Bioavailability of nileprost was calculated to be 21 and 13% of the dose. The disposition half-life was 5-7 h in both cases.
Animals↗
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the stable prostacyclin analogue, ZK 36 374, in the cat.
The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacologic effect on blood pressure and heart rate of ZK 36 374 were studied simultaneously in the unanaesthetized cat following intraarterial injection of 20 micrograms/kg of tritium-labelled drug. After a rapid distribution phase the plasma level of radioactive substances declined with a half-life of 44 min. The disposition of the unchanged drug was biphasic with half-lives of 7 min and 36 min. 1.5 min after injection, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were depressed by 40 and 57% and the heart rate rose by 18%. The kinetics of the pharmacologic action was biphasic and strictly parallel to the plasma drug level. Accordingly, there was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) logarithmic correlation between the blood pressure depression and the concentration of unchanged ZK 36 374 in the plasma. ZK 36 374 was totally metabolized and excreted nearly equally with urine and feces in the form of more than eight metabolites.
Animals↗
Serum levels of testosterone precursors, testosterone and estradiol in 10 animal species.
Blood levels of testosterone precursors, i.e. pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstendione, DHEA, and delta 5-androstendiol as well as testosterone and estradiol are measured in 10 animals each of 10 different species. The determination is done by radioimmunoassay with steroidspecific antibodies. Precursors of the delta 5-pathway (DHEA, androstendiol) are low in the red deer, dog, cat, rat and guinea pig. Precursors of the delta 4-pathway (progesterone, 17-hydroxprogesterone, androstendione) are lower in the bull, boar, ram, stallion and rabbit thus indicating a predominance of different pathways in the animal species studied herein. Pregnenolone concentrations are of equal height in all animals, testosterone is lowest in the cat and stallion. In the latter species the estradiol/testosterone ratio is spectacular high.
Androstenediols↗
[Twin pregnancy--a special problem of modern obstetric medicine].
Basing on an exemplary organized health protection incorporating up-to-date technique, progressive management of delivery and optimal neonatal care, we were able to reduce the perinatal mortality of all pairs of twins at the UFK Jena in the periods between 1977/79 (n = 204) and 1980/82 (n = 174) from 8,33% to 3,30%. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The late morbidity of these children also showed a statistically significant decline (p less than 0.05).
Apgar Score↗
Naloxone-like protective effect of MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on hemorrhagic shock.
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Animals↗
[Effect of pethidine administration on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the fetus and pulmonary adaptation post natum].
After application of Pethidine to the mother for the purpose of obstetric analgesia we couldn't find any changes in the fetal tcPO2-behaviour. As well 95 term infants with and without previous Pethidine-application to the mother showed no disturbance of cardio-pulmonary adaptation in hyperoxia-test.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗