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Biomedical subjects

W Kozuschek

Publications and source records attributed to W Kozuschek.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Leukotriene synthesis by gastrointestinal tissue and its pharmacologic modification].

Tissues of the gastrointestinal tract synthesize leukotriene (LT) B4 and the sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 from endogenous substrate. Formation of leukotrienes was demonstrated using radioimmunoassay, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay. Under basal conditions the gastrointestinal tissues released minor amounts of leukotrienes only. Formation of lipoxygenase-derived products of arachidonic acid metabolism was, however, significantly increased in the presence of various stimuli. Thus, significant amounts of LTB4 and of sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes were released from colonic and gastric mucosa of guinea-pigs sensitized against ovalbumin when incubations were carried out in the presence of antigen. Antigen-induced leukotriene formation was not found in the muscularis propria and subserosal of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs. Release of cyclooxygenase-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid, on the other hand, was most abundant in the subserosal layer of the guinea-pig colon and was not influenced by the immunological reaction. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, such as indomethacin, reduced gastrointestinal formation of prostaglandins, but not of leukotrienes. Inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, however, significantly decreased leukotriene formation. Synthesis of LTB4 and of sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes was also found in human colonic mucosal tissue, using the divalent cation-ionophore A23187 as stimulating agent. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes released were composed of a mixture of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. In addition, human colonic mucosal tissue contained high activities of enzymes that rapidly convert LTC4 to LTE4. As in most biological systems LTE4 is less active than LTC4 and LTD4 degrading enzymes might represent a local inactivating mechanism. Mucosal tissue of patients with Crohn's disease synthesized considerably more LTB4 and sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes than non-inflamed mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in amebic liver abscess].

Abscesses of the liver represent the most common complications of amebiasis. In general they are treated non-surgically by the aid of Metronidazol. Complications, however, such as perforations, development of fistulas or septicemia may occur and necessitate surgical intervention. The role of CT in diagnostic problems and therapeutic management is discussed in three different cases with respect to other diagnostic techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The diagnosis of bleeding small bowel tumours (author's transl)].

Problems concerning the radiological diagnosis of bleeding, malignant, small bowel tumours are discussed with reference to two cases. The need for early selective visceral angiography is stressed; the significance of contrast pooling is pointed out and the value of recognising the tumour in arriving at a diagnosis and prognosis is discussed. In the presence of negative angiographic findings the small bowel enema has proved a very valuable method of examination. The vascular leiomyosarcomas of the small bowel are best demonstrated angiographically, whereas the avascular adenocarcinomas are best shown by small bowel enema.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Surgical management of liver trauma (author's transl)].

Surgical management and follow up of 85 patients with liver trauma are reported. 20 patients had only liver trauma, all others were polytraumatised. Letality was 20% in patients with sole liver trauma, the overall letality was 43%. In most cases death resulted from prolonged circulatory shock. Most of the other casualities resulted from septical complications of biliary peritonitis. Prognosis was mainly correlated with the interval between trauma and surgical treatment as well as with the amount of blood lost. The main features of the operative technic were access to the liver through a subcostal and sometimes transdiaphragmal incision, temporary tamponade of the bleeding source, compression of the hepatoduodenal ligament, of the vena cava (intrapericardial) to minimize blood loss. Instead of hemihepatectomy, resection of liver tissue was limited to the smallest amount possible, and followed by extensive drainage.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1976

[Gastrointestinal anastomoses and carcinoma in the operated on stomach].

This study examines the question of which type of gastroenteral anastomosis is predisposed to carcinoma of the gastric stump. Evaluation of operative or autopsy reports of 72 patients with carcinomas of the gastric stump following ulcer resection was undertaken. The interval after resection for ulcer was on the average 23 years. In 69 cases a Billroth II resection with retrocolic anastomosis (Polya type) had been performed; 7 patients had a Billroth II resection with enteroanastomosis (Braun's type); only 3 cases of Billroth I resection were found in the whole collective. From the results it may be concluded that carcinoma of the gastric stump develops predominantly in the remaining stomach following Billroth II resection with retrocolic anastomosis (without Braun's enteroanastomosis). When retrocolic anastomosis is performed, the duodenogastric reflux definitely passes through via atrophic gastritis to the development of a stump carcinoma. However, when Billroth I resection or Billroth II resection with enteroanastomosis is performed, the duodenogastric reflux is low or is quantitatively derived into the jejunum.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Ring fixator" for treatment of lower leg fractures. A review of 30 cases treated by a new external fixation system.

Besides generally known therapeutic practice, indications can be discovered and more easily evaluated by using a "Ring Fixator". Applications include the following: (1) stage fractures of the tibia, (2) stabilisation of fractures of polytraumatized patients with no need for prior anatomical reduction and (3) closed lower limb fractures with severe soft tissue lesions. The major advantages of the "Ring Fixator" include the following: possible unlimited correction of primary and secondary dislocations without needing to transpose implanted Steinmann-pins or Schanz' screw; compatibility with ASIF external fixation systems for supplementary use of "Ring Fixator" elements; possible management of secondary dislocations and variable placement of pins or screws for subsequent wound debridement and muscle flap transposition. Results so far obtained using the "Ring Fixation" are illustrated by clinical examples.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of surgery in the treatment of severe acute necrotic pancreatitis].

Between May 1975 and December 1991, a total of 208 patients were operated upon for severe acute necrotic pancreatitis. The decision whether to operate on patients with clinical and biologic aggravation despite particularly sustained intensive care was taken after evaluation of ultrasound and CT scan images. Combining pancreatic body resections and necrotic tissue excision with laparostomy and staged lavage drainage reduced global mortality rate from 49.2 to 16.4 p. cent. The criteria used for determining the indication for surgical intervention, and the technical and tactical operative procedures applied allowing this improvement, are described and discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine activation in patients undergoing open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery is estimated to produce a minor surgical injury in comparison with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Studies in the past compare almost data of the first hours until day two. However, the surgical injury and the wound healing metabolism has to be detected. METHODS: A prospective study was designed to investigate cytokine responses after surgical injury. Twenty-three patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were admitted to the study. Eleven patients underwent conventional (open) and twelve patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Circulating concentrations of cytokines-including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and neopterin, were compared between both groups. In addition, association of the cytokines with clinical parameters including leucocytes, urea, fever and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. We are using ELISA-test of Medgenix GmbH, Ratingen, Germany and BRAHMS Diagnostica, Berlin, Germany. RESULTS: Enhanced cytokine responses were observed in the conventional group compared to the laparoscopic group. On day 3 after operation, the second increase in cytokine levels (but smaller than the first increase) were observed in both groups. In the conventional group, a slightly high correlation ratio between the urea and cytokine levels was found. However, only neopterin and urea association on postoperative day 3 (r = 0.65) was significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between CRP and cytokine levels in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine response after cholecystectomy demonstrates the lesser degree of surgical injury in the laparoscopic group, however, TNF-alpha demonstrates on day 4 a similar increase in both groups. This is a new result of studies working in this field. In conclusion, the benefit of laparoscopic surgery results only in the minimal access to the abdominal cavity, the wound healing metabolism is at last the same in both groups.

Aged↗