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Biomedical subjects

W Kostowski

Publications and source records attributed to W Kostowski.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
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Effects of some neuroleptic drugs on aggressive behavior in isolated mice.

Effects of some neuroleptic drugs on aggressive behavior in isolated mice. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1979, 30 (2): 295--298. Albino-Swiss male mice were isolated for 28 days and their isolation-induced aggressive behavior was tested after housing them in groups. The effects of the following neuroleptics were investigated: spiroperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), pimozide (1 and 2 mg/kg i.p.), and clozapine (2 and 5 mg/kg i.p.). Among the drugs examined the strongest inhibitory action on the isolation-induced aggressive behavior was inserted by spiroperidol. Primozide and closapine had weaker, but significant anti-aggressive effect.

Aggression↗
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Mesolimbic noradrenaline but not dopamine is responsible for organization of rat behavior in the forced swim test and an anti-immobilizing effect of desipramine.

The role of mesolimbic monoaminergic innervation in the organization of rat behavior in the forced swim test (FST) and in the anti-immobilizing action of desipramine (DMI) in the test, was examined. The results can be summarized as follows: neither 6-hydroxydopamine (60HDA)-lesions nor electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (A-10) and intra-accumbens dopamine (DA) microinjections produced specific (i.e. independent from changes in rats locomotion) effects on rat behavior or on DMI action in the FST. On the other hand, 60HDA lesions to the locus coeruleus (LC) antagonized the anti-immobilizing effect of DMI. It was also shown by us that the electrostimulation of the LC produced in the FST an effect similar to that of DMI. Moreover, the intra-accumbens injections of noradrenaline (NA) mimicked the effect of DMI in the test. Similar results were obtained after local administration of adrenergic receptor agonists--phenylephrine and isoproterenol. It is concluded that NA but not DA plays a crucial role in the organization of rat behavior in the FST and in the anti-immobilizing effect of DMI. The data suggest also a direct involvement of the nucleus accumbens septi in these neural processes.

Animals↗
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Evidence for the locus coeruleus involvement in desipramine action in animal models of depression.

Desipramine (DMI) effectively antagonized hypothermia induced by reserpine and clonidine in rats. DMI effects were attenuated or even abolished after electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the locus coeruleus (LC) as well as by administration of DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine), a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin. Contrary to the LC lesions, electrolytic destruction of the ventral noradrenergic bundle did not change DMI action but antagonized reserpine-induced hypothermia by itself. Our results underline a possible involvement of the LC system in mechanism of antidepressive action, which was suggested previously in this laboratory.

Animals↗
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Two noradrenergic systems in the brain and their interactions with other monoaminergic neurons.

Numerous anatomical, neurophysiological and pharmacological data indicate on the existence of two functionally different noradrenergic systems in the brain: the dorsal bundle and the ventral bundle. It is possible that dorsal bundle inhibits serotonergic neurons whilst tonically stimulates dopaminergic neurons. On the other hand, the ventral noradrenergic bundle seems to exert opposite influences. New theory of affective disorders is proposed.

Affective Symptoms↗
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Effects of p-bromo-methamphetamine (V-111) on conditioned avoidance behavior in rats with lesioned raphe nuclei.

Effect of treatment with p-bromo-methamphetamine (V-111), the serotonin depleting drug, on two way avoidance conditioning (CAR) was studied in raphe lesioned male Wistar rats. Both sham lesioned and raphe lesioned animals treated with V-111 showed increased avoidance acquisition and increased number of inter-trial responses. Lesions of the raphe nuclei increased by itself the number of avoidance responses, the treatment with V-111 however produced further facilitation of avoidance acquisition. These results are discussed in terms of the role oserotonergic system in the processes of learning and retention of CAR, and direct action of V-111 on serotonergic system of the brain is suggested.

Animals↗
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Naloxone-induced facilitation of conditioned avoidance behavior in rats.

Conditioned two-way avoidance behavior was studied in male Wistar rats. Experimental group received naloxone (2 mg/kg sc) 5--7 min before training session, control group received appropriate volume of saline. It was observed that naloxone significantly enhanced acquisition of avoidance response during 3--9 days of training.

Animals↗
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The effect of raphe nuclei lesions on the rat ovarian cycle.

The effects of lesions of the median raphe or dorsal raphe nuclei on ovarian cycle were studied in rats. Lesions involving raphe nuclei decreased forebrain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole acid (5-HIAA) concentrations. Rats with lesions of the raphe showed prolonged estrous phase as well as an increase in both the eosinophilic index and karyopycnotic index of the vaginal smears. Histological examinations revealed that lesions of both the dorsal and median raphe produced marked increase in the number of maturing and mature follicles as well as an increase in corpora lutea. The increase in uterine weight was also observed. Present results indicate that lesions of the ascending 5-HT neurons stimulate ovulation and cause an increase in the estrogenic activity. Thus, the 5-HT neurons of the raphe nuclei seem to inhibit ovulation probably due to inhibiting of the hypothalamic releasing hormones.

Animals↗
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Studies on the locus coeruleus system in an animal model for antidepressive activity.

The present study was performed in order to evaluate the role of brain noradrenergic system of the locus coeruleus (LC) in mediating the effect of desipramine (DMI) in the behavioral despair (immobility) induced by forced swim in rats. Both single and repetitive doses of DMI significantly reduced the immobility. The effect of single dose of drug was reduced in LC lesioned rats. On the other hand, lesions failed to influence the action of repetitive doses of DMI. A lesion of the LC alone failed to influence animals' behavior in the immobility test. Electrical stimulation of the LC (either unilateral or bilateral) significantly reduced the immobility i.e. produced an effect similar to that produced by DMI. The possible involvement of the LC in action of DMI and mechanisms of depression is discussed.

Animals↗
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The effects of lesions of the locus coeruleus and treatment with drugs affecting brain noradrenergic neurotransmission on dominant-subordinate behavior in rats competing for water.

The effect of lesions of the locus coeruleus (LC) and drugs either blocking or stimulating noradrenergic (NE) receptors on dominance behavior in Wistar rats was studied. Rats with destroyed LC displayed submissive behavior when paired with sham-operated animals. Treatment of dominant animals with clonidine, prazosin and propranolol markedly reduced dominance whilst treatment of submissive rats with either yohimbine or salbutamol transformed the submissive (subordinate) animal to dominant type. The role of brain NE neurons in dominant behavior in water-competition paradigm is discussed.

Albuterol↗
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Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of A10 dopaminergic neurons and neuroleptic or bromocriptine treatment on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats.

In this study we have investigated the possible role played by dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic neurons in ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. 6-hydroxydopamine-induced bilateral lesions of A10 nucleus resulted in selective fall in forebrain dopamine content accompanied by enhanced motor activity and audiogenic seizure intensity when measured during withdrawal period. Opposite changes, hypolocomotion and lower seizures intensity, were observed after metoclopramide injection. Pimozide also diminished seizure intensity but at higher dose (0.4 mg/kg) produced an increase in locomotor activity. Bromocriptine, an agonist of dopaminergic receptors, depressed both locomotor activity and audiogenic seizure intensity. It is concluded that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons may be involved in the mechanism of ethanol withdrawal syndrome.

Animals↗