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Biomedical subjects

W Klein

Publications and source records attributed to W Klein.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Needle biopsy in gout and pseudogout (author's transl)].

INTRODUCTION: Radiological and morphological findings in advanced arthritis urica and pyrophosphate arthropathy are well known. In contrast, the early changes of synovial membrane in these disturbances of metabolism pose diagnostic problems. With the assistance of various cytological techniques and polarizing microscopical as well as electron microscopical investigation it was examined to what extent needle biopsies can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of gout and pseudogout. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 8 patients with gout and 11 patients with pseudogout synovial fluid and small tissue specimens could be obtained with the aid of the Parker-Pearson needle. Both fluid and tissue specimens were investigated light and electron microscopically. Cell counts were evaluated in a Rosenthal chamber. The differentiation of the cells in stained smears was done by counting 200-600 cells per case. Crystals were identified by polarizing microscopy in wet preparations of freshly aspirated synovial fluid. RESULTS: Polarizing microscopy of synovial fluid detected intra- as well as extracellular urate and pyrophosphate crystals. The wedge-shaped urate crystals and the larger partly polygonal pyrophosphate crystals showed different polarizing microscopical properties and a negative birefringence. The absolute cell counts in gout were higher than those in pseudogout. The relative cell counts of the different cell types in synovial fluid showed more variation in gout than in pseudogout. Cases with acute gout developed a relative leukocytosis in contrast to a relative lymphocytosis in chronic gout. A relative leukocytosis was constant in all patients with pseudogout. Sclerosed areas with scarce and plump villi as well as sometimes hyperplastic and polymorphous synovial cell layers could be demonstrated histologically in the tissue specimens of the needle biopsies in cases with gout. Urate crystals were less frequent in specimens fixed in formalin. The histological alterations in pseudogout were uniform, 2-4 rows of slightly pleomorphic synovial cells lined the inner surface of the joint capsule, sclerosing alterations were less frequent. Pyrophosphate crystals and calcified particles were seen within the synovial lining cells, the connective tissue and the enodthelial cells of the blood vessels in pseudogout specimens. Intra- as well as extracellular crystals could also be demonstrated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy in sediments of synovial fluid in gout and pseudogout. Transmission electron microscopical investigations of synovial tissue specimens detected proliferated and pleomorphic synovial lining cells in gout in contrast to a more monomorphic appearance of these cells in pseudogout. The crystals were washed out during the preparation techniques for transmission electron microscopy so that needle-like empty spaces resulted within cytoplasm of the phagocytic cells. These clefts were surrounded by phagosomal structures and densified cytoplasmic ground substance; sometimes they were also lined by membranes...

Aged↗
PubMed1976

PCBs and environmental contamination.

A survey is given on reported PCB-residues and accumulation in various environmental media including water and aquatic environment, flora, animals, food, and humans. Model studies with technical PCB, as well as with pure individual components, are presented from various working groups. As examples, metabolic studies and photochemical experiments are discussed. According to our present knowledge, a major metabolic pathway in animals and plants is hydroxylation, often followed by methylation or conjugation. By UV-irradiation, however, oxygenation, dechlorination and chlorination, polymerization and isomerization may occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Mitral valve function during frequency stimulation in coronary disease. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic comparative studies].

In 3 controls and 10 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris (AP) left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) are measured at rest (R) and during right atrial pacing with stepwise increments in heart rate. The values were compared to the simultaneously recorded DE-slope and EF-slope of the mitral valve echocardiogram. The following results could be obtained: 1. In the control group PADP increased sharply at a rate of aobut 120/min, while LVEDP further decreased. This "physiological dysfunction" of the mitral valve could not be detected by echocardiography. 2. In patients with CHD and AP both pressures rose concomitantly with the onset of the angina; moreover, the EF-slope showed a significant reduction. 3. This decrease of the EF-slope is due to an increment of LVEDP during angina and may be used as a diastolic tool, if the exercise electrocardiogram is negative. 4. LVEDP and EF-slope are correlated weil in most patients with CHD. However, there was a lack of correlation between the reduction of the EF-slope and left ventricular function.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1975

[Oral administration of an acidiferous drug and its effect on carbohydrate metabolism of maturity-onset-diabetics treated by oral hypoglycaemic agents].

Subacidity or anacidity may lower glucose-tolerance in elder diabetics. 65 Patients, who showed not sufficient effect of oral hypoglycaemic agents, got an acidiferous drug. Diabetes could be ameliorated significantly. Some results are contrary to itself. In 8 patients our hypothesis came true in all points. Further investigations are necessary.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with oral alpha-lipoic acid (author's transl)].

100 patients were treated with Thioctacid orally for diabetic neuropathy. A successful assessment was possible with sufficient certainty in 89 patients. Of these, 29 received 2 X 50 mg and 60 patients 2 X 100 mg Thioctacid daily. In the first group the treatment was successful in 23 patients, and in 51 of the second group. According to these findings, administration of thiotic acid is effective in diabetic neuropathy just as frequently orally as intravenously.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Investigations into the inhibition of DNA repair processes by detergents.

The inhibition of semi-conservative DNA replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis by three different detergents was investigated in mouse spleen cells. The investigations were made by following the kinetics of the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA, as well as by autoradiographic studies. At various concentrations different inhibition patterns were found and the significance of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Influence of some cytostatic drugs on semiconservative DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair in normal and cancer cells (author's transl)].

The action of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, vinblastine and procarbacine on the enzymes of the excision repair and on the semiconservative DNA-synthesis was investigated. To get a view of the total repair enzyme complexes the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA after UV- and Gamma-irradiation was measured, and sedimentation profiles in alkaline sucrose were carried out. The drugs were also tested after being metabolized. The 4 drugs had no influence in an in vitro system on DNA-repair using spleen cells. Vinblastine and procarbacine showed an inhibitory effect on semiconservative DNA-synthesis. Using Yoshida ascites cells for the investigations we found an inhibition of the exonuclease-polymerase system by cyclophosphamide and procarbacine and a supression of ligase reaction by vinblastine and vincristine. Different degrees of inhibition of DNA-synthesis in Yoshida ascites cells could be seen after use of the 4 cytostatic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Gliflumide, a new oral antidiabetic of high potency and efficacy.

Gliflumide is an optically active sulfonylaminopyrimidine. In rats, the drug exhibited a long-lasting hypoglycemic effect following oral as well as intravenous administration. This effect resembled the action of glibenclamide, but was brought about by doses 5-10 times lower. In healthy volunteers, oral administration (0.0125 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (0.01mg/kg) of gliflumide resulted in a 30-40 per cent decrease of blood glucose characterized by slow onset and long duration. The stimulation of insulin secretion was studied after intravenous injection of gliflumide (0.01 mg/kg) and compared to the action of glibenclamide (0.01 mg/kg) and tolbutamide (10 mg/kg). Although the effect of these doses, measured by the area above the initial level, was similar, a different time course of action was found. Gliflumide and glibenclamide, compared with tolbutamide, produced a delayed and prolonged response. These characteristics were more pronounced with gliflumide. Maximal serum insulin levels were found after 3, 23, and 90 minutes for tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and gliflumide, respectively. In maturity-onset diabetics requiring glibenclamide or glibenclamide + biguanide, gliflumide was shown to have about the same efficacy as glibenclamide, the corresponding doses being 1.5-5 (generally 3) times lower.

Administration, Oral↗