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Biomedical subjects

W Kiess

Publications and source records attributed to W Kiess.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Growth hormone secretion following administration of growth hormone releasing hormone in constitutional short stature and idiopathic growth hormone deficiency].

A stimulation test using 1 microgram growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF 1-29 X NH2)/kg bodyweight was performed in children with familial short stature and in children with constitutional delay of growth and development. The GH secretion induced by this means was not different in these groups, but there was a difference in the response between normal children and children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). GH secretion after GRF administration was significantly lower in the GHD group than in the other groups. However, 6 of 24 patients with GHD responded to the test with a normal increase in GH (greater than 10 ng/ml), and 11 with an intermediate response (2-10 ng/ml). Thus, the test does not differentiate individual patients with defective growth hormone secretion from normal short children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Endocrine regulation of the immune system.

Immunoregulation, the major process of self-defence, appears to be more complex than has been previously thought, involving the central nervous and endocrine systems. This review demonstrates growing evidence for the hypothesis that endocrine factors from the pituitary and hypothalamus directly influence the development and function of the immune system. Both pituitary and hypothalamic hormones interfere with lymphocyte proliferation and function. Proliferation of T-lymphocytes as well as production of immunoglobulins by plasma cells seem to be hormone dependent. Clinical observations suggest that hematological, oncological, and immunological disorders known for their immune pathogenesis are associated with alterations of the endocrine homeostasis. Recently, human peripheral mononuclear cells have been shown to possess specific receptors for pituitary hormones. It is hypothesized that proteohormones act directly on lymphocytes via specific membrane receptors. Thus, the endocrine system, closely related to cortical and subcortical centers in the central nervous system, is one of the body's instruments to regulate and modulate its immune response. This hypothesized immunoregulatory pathway via the central nervous system and endocrine glands may well be of importance for the body's defence against infectious and malignant diseases. In addition, a new picture of the complex immunoregulatory mechanisms emerges for a better understanding of the function of the immune system. However, there is no single hormone which has yet been identified as being crucial for development and/or function of the immune system. It appears from the literature that a number of various proteohormones rather than a single hormone acts on immunocompetent cells.

Gonadotropins, Pituitary↗
PubMed1985

Coincidence of infectious osteomyelitis and disseminated neuroblastoma: a diagnostic dilemma solved by scintigraphic imaging.

The case of a 41/2-year-old girl with disseminated neuroblastoma and concomitant osteomyelitis is reported. Neuroblastoma was detected in the vertebral column, the right suprarenal fossa, the left side of cranium and in bone marrow aspirates. Osteomyelitis was present in the left femur and was due to Salmonella tennessee. For the first time in the literature the two lesions were demonstrated by means of simultaneous 131I-MIBG and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy. The diagnoses were proved by direct histological and microbiological studies.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1985

Specific growth hormone receptors on human peripheral mononuclear cells: reexpression, identification, and characterization.

Although specific GH receptors have been demonstrated in various tissues of a number of species, the presence of GH receptors on human peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC) is controversial. Binding of human GH (hGH) to its receptor as the hypothesized initial step of hormone action was consequently studied using mononuclear cells from peripheral venous blood of normal subjects. Specific binding of [125I]hGH was rapid, reversible, and time and temperature dependent. Specific GH binding to PMC was maximal after 8-24 h of preincubation. Binding of hormone was maximal at 37 C after incubation of cells for 2 h. Dissociation of GH was maximal at 37 C after the addition of 6 M NaCl. A linear relationship between specific GH binding and cell number was found. Saturation of GH binding to 10(6) PMC was obtained with 25 ng iodinated hormones. Half-maximal inhibition of GH binding occurred at 12-25 ng unlabeled hGH/tube. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones as well as insulin did not interfere with specific hGH binding to PMC. Scatchard analysis of [125I]hGH binding to PMC revealed a receptor with a mean affinity constant of 1.5 +/- 0.2 (+/- SD) X 10(9)/M-1 (n = 72) and a maximal binding capacity of 7.1 +/- 2.0 X 10(-11) M/10(6) cells. The concentrations of calcium, sodium, and magnesium ions in the incubation medium strongly influenced GH binding, whereas pH or potassium concentration did not. As interassay variation of the binding assay was low (14% for total binding; 6% for specific hGH binding), this direct approach to study tissue receptors for hGH in a human in vitro test was reproducible and should encourage the investigation of receptor regulation as well as the study of binding in human disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of enzyme and enzyme inhibitors on specific binding of hGH to human peripheral lymphocytes.

A recently described method to investigate growth hormone (GH) receptors on circulating human blood cells has been used to study the effect of a trypsin preparation and antitrypsin moieties on hormone binding to lymphocytes. Trypsinization with one defined dose of trypsin (10 ng/ml) led to a considerable decrease both of specific binding and of binding affinity (affinity constant after 60 min trypsinization 0.5 X 10(9) vs 1.5 X 10(9) M-1 in untreated control cells). Exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to antitrypsin activities was followed by a steady increase of affinity and specific binding (affinity constant: with 10 KIU anti-trypsin 1.9 X 10(9) M-1, with 100 KIU 2.4 X 10(9) M-1, with 1000 KIU 3.6 X 10(9) M-1). This antitrypsin effect exceeds the binding values expected after blocking trypsin activities in the incubation medium. In a subset of experiments somatomedin-B (SM-B) was used as the antitrypsin moiety and was shown to increase specific GH binding to PBL in a similar manner as did antitrypsin (with 1000 ng SM-B affinity constant (Ka) 12.0 X 10(9) M-1, specific binding 9.7% of total radioactivity). It is concluded that enzymatic factors and their inhibitors including partially GH dependent moieties like SM-B modulate specific GH binding to human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Psychosocial dwarfism].

A 4 year old girl with psychosocial dwarfism showed hepatomegaly, abdominal distension and behavioral disturbances. Laboratory tests revealed a reversible elevation of serum liver enzymes and a reversible partial growth hormone deficiency. The child's family was characterised by severe social problems and all signs of a depriving and child abusing environment. All pathologic findings were reversed by removing the child from her depriving family background. This case demonstrates that psychosocial dwarfism represents an aspect of child abuse (battered child syndrome).

Body Height↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of lymphoproliferation by human growth hormone.

This study was designed to investigate the capacity of human growth hormone (hGH) to induce proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and its effect on lectin-induced lymphoproliferation, as measured by [3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation into lymphocyte DNA. We observed that hGH itself induced lymphoproliferation. Maximal responses were reached with 50 ng/ml after 4 days and 25 ng/ml after 7 days. Anti-hGH-antiserum completely blocked the stimulatory capacity of hGH. Further evidence for the specificity of the effect was obtained by the finding that no other hormone present in the hGH preparation produced any effect on lymphocyte cultures. In contrast to its stimulatory capacity, hGH reduced the proliferative response of PBL to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). This effect was also neutralized by anti-hgH-antiserum. These results show a direct stimulatory effect of hGH on PBL and a regulatory effect of the hormone on lectin-induced lymphoproliferation.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1982

Anglo-German contrasts in general practice.

Forty German primary care physicians and 40 British general practitioners were asked about their knowledge and attitude about each other, and whether they had worked in the other country. The answers showed much ignorance and prejudice and indicate that there are big differences in medical practice between the two groups.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and fever related to piperacillin/tazobactam treatment--a retrospective analysis in 38 children with cystic fibrosis.

Bone marrow suppression is an important adverse reaction to most betalactam antibiotics. Recently it was suggested that piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) also may cause bone marrow toxicity. We retrospectively analyzed 100 i.v. antibiotic treatment courses (mean duration 12.5 days) in 38 patients (median age 14 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were treated in our hospital. Of the patients receiving PT (84%), 6 patients (18.75% of PT-treated patients, 10.3% of PT treatment courses) developed fever, malaise and headache during treatment without signs of acute infection. In one patient definite thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, in two others a milder decrease in leukocyte and thrombocyte counts was observed after the onset of fever. The events were time- and dose-dependent occurring between day 11 and 15 of treatment. Treatment courses lasted longer (14.2 vs 11.3 days; p < 0.05) and patients had received a higher cumulative dose of PT (4919 +/- 1975 mg/kg b.w. vs 3161 +/- 1635 mg/kg; p < 0.02, Student's t-test) in the affected group than in the unaffected group. After discontinuation of PT, fever subsided within 24 h and blood cell counts normalized. We hypothesize that these fever episodes and changes of blood parameters are related to PT therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates proliferation but also increases caspase-3 activity, Annexin-V binding, and DNA-fragmentation in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells: co-activation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways by IGF-I.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was found to promote proliferation, cell survival, and inhibition of apoptosis. But in some instances, IGF-I was found to mildly induce apoptosis, i. e. Fas-mediated apoptosis in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. In the present study, we intended to further investigate IGF-I dependent pathways leading either to proliferation and cell survival or to cell death. MG63 osteosarcoma cells were treated with serum free medium alone or in combination with IGF-I, a neutralizing antibody against the human IGF-I receptor (alphaIR-3) or non-immune control IgG (1) for two to six days. We investigated cell survival (cell count), proliferation (CD71-FACS), apoptosis (Annexin-V-FACS, Caspase-3 activity, PCD) and anti-apoptosis (112-Ser Bad phosphorylation), and regulation of IGF-I receptor surface expression (IGF-I receptor-FACS). We found that IGF-I treatment (48 h) stimulated cell growth and proliferation, but also mildly induced apoptosis. IGF-I activated specific apoptotic pathways (Caspase-3 activation, Annexin-V binding and DNA degradation), as well as anti-apoptotic signals (Bad phosphorylation at serine 112). alphaIR-3 blocked cell proliferation, strongly induced apoptosis, and inhibited Bad-phosphorylation. Thus, IGF-I treatment overall resulted in increased tumour cell mass, despite a detectable stimulation of apoptosis; in other words proliferation exceeded cell death. If IGF-I was first added on day 0, 2, or 4 of serum free culture, we found decreasing IGF-I specific effects on proliferation and apoptosis. In parallel, we found a down-regulation of IGF-I receptors (FACS) by serum withdrawal, which was partly reversed if IGF-I was added. Therefore receptor number might have an impact on IGF-I function in MG63 cells. In conclusion, co-activation of apoptosis and proliferation by IGF-I might result in higher cell turnover in MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, in sarcomas or carcinomas showing clinical association to IGF-I levels and malignancy, IGF-I dependent apoptosis and proliferation could be a significant mechanism of malignant tumour growth.

Annexin A5↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiodysplasia as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in childhood.

UNLABELLED: Whereas in adults angiodysplasia is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, in children this disorder is extremely rare. A 7 10/12 year old girl is presented suffering over 3-4 months from mild but recurrent rectal bleeding. Blood count and serum ferritin and transferrin levels were normal. The rectosigmoideoscopy revealed a rectal lesion, which was confirmed histologically as angiodysplasia. Pathological investigation of the biopsies included HE staining and immunohistological staining of endothelial cells with anti-CD34 and anti-von Willebrand factor. A follow-up period of three years revealed spontaneous regression of the angiodysplastic lesion at the rectosigmoideal localisation, which could be confirmed by endoscopy. CONCLUSION: The outcome of the few pediatric patients described in the literature was reviewed. Due to the lack of conclusive understanding of the nature of this extremely rare vascular disorder and the variable outcome described, a wait and see attitude should be assumed in cases of less clinical affection.

Angiodysplasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regulatory disorders in infancy: data of the leipzig counseling service for parents with infants and toddlers].

BACKGROUND: About 25 % of children in the first three years attract attention due to regulatory disorders like un-apeasable crying, chronic fussing, sleep- and feeding-disorders as well as excessive temper-tantrums. Meanwhile there are many counselling services in Germany, which provide help for parents. PATIENTS: Data of 153 families with infants and toddlers till the age of three, who visited the Leipzig counselling service during a period of two years. METHOD: Paediatric-neurodevelopmental status and extensive psychosocial anamnesis following a semi-structured interview-guideline. RESULTS: 74 % of the families attended one or two times, in 60 % of these cases an improvement or solution of the problem occurred. 18 % of the mothers showed depressive symptoms, which are linked to the absence of the partners on a highly significant level. 23 % of the families were acutely psycho-socially stressed; these families were neither able to use the offered interventions in an appropriate way, nor were others able to use it at all. CONCLUSIONS: The surveyed data support the assumption, that early childhood intervention provides help briefly and economically. For the relatively large group of "multi-problem families" in the sample we can not yet offer intervention strategies, which could help these children to reduce their high developmental risk.

Child Behavior Disorders↗