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Biomedical subjects

W J Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to W J Matthews.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ericksonian approaches to hypnosis and therapy: where are we now?

Ericksonian approaches to psychotherapy and hypnosis have had a significant impact on many clinical practitioners over the last two decades. This article reviews the current empirical research with regard to the efficacy of these treatment approaches as well as for the key Ericksonian assumptions of: (a) belief in an altered state of consciousness and the existence of specific markers indicating an altered state; (b) the superiority of indirect suggestion over direct suggestion; and (c) client hypnotizability is a function of the hypnotist's skill. The current literature provides empirical support neither for efficacy nor for these key assumptions. The article concludes with a discussion of the need for empirically based research to test the efficacy of Ericksonian therapy and its core components, lest this approach become isolated from the scientific hypnosis and therapy communities.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Presence of an insulin-like growth factor I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen.

Uterine leiomyoma is an estrogen-responsive tumor, and the present studies examine the ability of the antiestrogen tamoxifen to modulate leiomyoma cell growth. Tamoxifen is an effective form of hormonal therapy for breast cancer, although the mechanism by which tamoxifen inhibits tumor growth is not well understood and may involve mechanisms other than the action of tamoxifen as an estrogen antagonist. Tamoxifen was found to inhibit the proliferation of three of five leiomyoma-derived cell lines (ELT cell lines) in vitro, including an estrogen receptor-negative cell line. The ability of tamoxifen to decrease leiomyoma growth was found to correlate with expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by the tumor cells, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen were associated with expression of this growth factor. The existence of an IGF-I autocrine loop in the cells was investigated, because transcripts for both IGF-I and its cognate receptor were expressed in the tamoxifen-responsive cell lines. An IGF-I RIA demonstrated secreted IGF-I protein in serum-free medium conditioned by the IGF-I-expressing cell line ELT 3, and this same medium supported the growth of IGF-requiring MCF-10A cells, indicating the presence of biologically active IGF-I in the conditioned medium. Exogenous IGF-I stimulated ELT 3 cell proliferation, confirming that this growth factor is mitogenic for leiomyoma cells. IGF-I neutralizing antibody inhibited ELT 3 growth, indicating that the levels of IGF-I produced by the leiomyoma cells were physiologically significant. These data demonstrate the existence of an IGF-I autocrine loop in tamoxifen-sensitive leiomyoma cells, supporting the hypothesis that the presence of an IGF-I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Characteristics of nine newly derived mesothelioma cell lines.

This report characterizes nine new cell lines derived from patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The lines were initiated between July 1990 and July 1992 from solid tumors (5 lines) or effusions (4 lines) and had proliferated for a period of at least 2 months without senescence. They were characterized by cell size, doubling time, immunohistochemical analyses, electron microscopy, and chromosomal karyotyping. Growth factor/cytokine elaboration was determined using enzyme-linked immunoassays. The established lines were similar in morphology to their parent tumor (ie, epithelial or sarcomatoid). Cell sizes ranged from 59 to 81 microns, and the doubling times varied from 31 to 65 hours. The lines stained with cytokeratin and showed expected negative staining for adenomarkers including B72.3 and carcinoembryonic antigen. All cell lines exhibited aneuploidy, with modal chromosome numbers between 40 and 81 and had multiple chromosomal aberrations. Significant production of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and interleukin-6 was seen. These new cell lines derived from human mesotheliomas can now be used to aid in the design of innovative treatment strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of test anxiety: a study of the effects of expectancy and eye movement.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently invented technique acclaimed as a major breakthrough for a range of anxiety-related symptoms. To determine the importance of the eye movement and expectancy variables, we conducted a one-hour session with 41 undergraduate subjects (11 males and 30 females) with test anxiety. A 2 (eye movement vs no eye movement) x 2 (high expectancy vs low expectancy) analysis of variance was performed on three dependent measures: (1) Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDs). (Wolpe, The Practice of Behavior Therapy, 1982); (2) Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) (Shapiro, 1992); and (3) the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) (Spielberger, TestAnxiety Inventory Preliminary Professional Manual, 1977). The data indicate that all subjects, regardless of treatment condition, showed a significant decrease in anxiety on the TAI. Subjects in the eye-movement condition reported feeling less anxious (SUDs) than those in the no-eye-movement condition. We found no significant main effect or interactions for any of the dependent measures for expectancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hypnosis with signing deaf and hearing subjects.

Historically hypnosis with deaf people has been an underutilized intervention as the deaf were assumed not to be responsive to hypnotic suggestion. Recent research has begun to challenge these assumptions. Matthews and Isenberg (in press) compared the hypnotic responsiveness of deaf and hearing subjects on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, form C (SHSS:C) all of whom received the hypnotic suggestions via sign language. Those results supported the notion that deaf subjects are capable of responding to hypnotic suggestion and may be as hypnotically responsive as hearing subjects. The purpose of the present article is to examine the similarities and differences of responses between deaf and hearing subjects to the individual items of the SHSS:C and compare those responses to the SHSS:C norms.

Deafness↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of the hypnotic experience between signing deaf and hearing participants.

This study compared the hypnotic responsiveness of 17 hearing and 34 deaf individuals, all of whom received visual induction and hypnotic suggestions via some form of signing. The comparison between deaf and hearing participants was analyzed on five dependent measures: (a) the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C); (b) participants' individual item performance; (c) overall trance depth; (d) a rapport scale; and (e) a resistance scale measuring attitudes of participants toward the hypnotist. Although all participants showed at least a moderate level of hypnotic responsiveness, the data did not indicate a significant main effect between deaf and hearing participants on any of the dependent measures. However, there was a tendency (p < .08) for hearing participants to show a greater hypnotic responsiveness than deaf participants. Additionally, there was a significant difference between all the signing participants combined when compared to the norming population on three items of the SHSS:C. Clinical and theoretical implications of these data are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hypnotic inductions with deaf and hearing subjects--an initial comparison: a brief communication.

17 volunteer deaf Ss were compared with 18 volunteer hearing Ss on the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) of Morgan and J. R. Hilgard (1975), and the Indirect Suggestion Scale (ISS) of Matthews and Mosher (1985) in a 2 x 2 ANOVA design. 5 dependent measures: (a) objective scale score; (b) self-report scale score; (c) S rapport with the hypnotist; (d) S resistance to the hypnotist; and (e) overall subjective rating of trance experience were employed to measure any differences between the 2 groups. For SHCS behavioral items, the two-way ANOVA failed to reveal any significant main effect or interaction differences between either group (deaf/hearing) or method of induction (direct/indirect). There was a significant main effect for deaf/hearing groups in level of resistance to the hypnotist. Deaf Ss reported feeling more resistant to the hypnotist than did hearing Ss. This may be due to the mode of communication or the fact that the hypnotist was hearing. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Deafness↗
PubMed1992

A one-year series of pediatric emergency department wheezing visits: the Hawaii EMS-C project.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data were collected on 2468 pediatric patients with wheezing who visited a pediatric ED. Cohort characteristics included: sex (64% male, 36% female), history of prematurity (12%), evidence of concurrent infection (82%), taking theophylline (35%), taking beta adrenergics (60%), taking cromolyn (6%), and taking corticosteroids (4%). The hospitalization rate was 10.5%. Seasonal variations, weather, air quality, and infections appeared to have significant effects on the daily variation of wheezing exacerbations. Initial oxygen saturation (OSAT) correlated with disease severity as measured by hospitalization risk and the number of bronchodilator treatments required in the ED. A suggestion for categorizing the treatment of asthma based on past history is proposed. Using this system in conjunction with pulse oximetry, wheezing severity and appropriate therapy can be more objectively determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Hawaii EMS-C project data: I. Reducing pediatric emergency morbidity and mortality; II. Statewide pediatric emergency registry to monitor morbidity and morality.

During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 16,010 pediatric patients who visited a pediatric emergency department (ED). These ED patients prospectively fell into one of the target areas for further study, including wheezing (15%), trauma (excluding burns; 29%), burns (1%), water-related injuries (1%), ingestions and toxic substance exposures (2%), child abuse (3%), handicapping conditions (5%), preventable incidents (33%), and ambulance arrivals (7%). Handicapped patients were more likely to require an ambulance. Younger patients, males, and patients with handicaps, wheezing, and Medicaid insurance were more likely to visit the ED on multiple occasions. Primary care physicians could be identified in 77% of the cohort. Large-scale interventions to reduce preventable pediatric morbidity and mortality have suffered from difficulties in documenting their effect in a population-based sample. A statewide pediatric emergency encounter registry is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A one-year series of pediatric ED water-related injuries: the Hawaii EMS-C project.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data on 133 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with water-related injuries were collected. Of these patients, 70% were male. There were 13 submersions, seven cases of head trauma, three cases of neck trauma, 88 cases of external injury, and 34 other injuries. Incidents took place at beaches (75%) in public pools (12%), in friends' pools (4%), and in home pools (4%). Eighty-six percent of the cohort knew how to swim. Swimming, playing, and surfing activity accounted for most of the injuries. Measures for prevention are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Working hypnotically with deaf people.

Little attention has been given to the utilization of hypnosis with deaf people. In a recent study, we compared objective and subjective responses to two different hypnotic induction techniques by deaf and hearing undergraduate women. We presented hypnosis techniques orally to hearing subjects and visually, using sign-language, to deaf subjects. Results from this study failed to reveal any significant differences on objective or self-report levels of trance depth between the two populations. Our purpose in this article is to examine the similarities and differences of the induction process and hypnotic responses, including trance indicators, between deaf and hearing subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

A one-year prospective ED cohort of pediatric burns: a proposal for standardizing scald burns.

During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 143 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with burns. Sixty-four percent were males. Common causes of the burns included hot water (17%), hot food (23%), hot appliances (18%), and charcoal and grills (9%). Sixty-six percent of the burns took place at home. The hospitalization rate was 8%. A suggestion for standardizing scalds based on fluidity and function is proposed, since there is ambiguity regarding definition of a scald.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Toxic exposures and ingestions in Honolulu: I. A prospective pediatric ED cohort; II. A prospective poison center cohort.

Poisonings and toxic exposures are a frequent cause of preventable morbidity in children requiring emergency care. Ingestions and toxic substance exposures were studied in two prospective cohorts in Hawaii to examine the epidemiology of these events in this community in order to assess the effectiveness of current poison prevention practices and to identify additional measures to further prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality. During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 286 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric ED with an ingestion or a toxic substance exposure. Most of the younger children were males with unintentional incidents. Most of the adolescents were females with intentional ingestions. Syrup of ipecac was given in 16% of the patients. When given at home, ipecac was given an average of 1.3 hours after an ingestion. Activated charcoal was given to 32% of the patients. During a 13-month period ending 1/31/90, 14,408 phone calls to the Hawaii Poison Center were analyzed. Twenty-six percent of the callers had ipecac at home. Sixty-eight percent of callers with acute ingestions claimed to have called within 30 minutes of the ingestion, and 77% claimed to have called within 60 minutes of the ingestion. Of those calling within 60 minutes, 36% had ipecac at home. Although ipecac is widely recommended as a pre-hospital intervention, it use is limited owing to unavailability in the home and the short period of time during which it must be given. Since the dispensing of pharmaceuticals in limited quantities and in childproof containers began, it appears that other measures to further reduce morbidity and mortality owing to poisonings have had less additional effect. It appears that serious morbidity and mortality from poisonings in this cohort were uncommon.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

A one-year prospective ED cohort of pediatric trauma.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data were collected on 4623 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with trauma (excluding burns). Sixty-one percent were male. Common causes of the trauma included suspected child abuse (4%), organized sports (6%), nonorganized sports (4%), pedestrian motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) (3%), bicycle MVAs (2%), and automobile MVAs (3%). However, most of the incidents had none of the identified associated activities surrounding the trauma (60%). Incidents took place at home (41%), on the street (11%), at school (10%), and at a playground or park (10%). Injuries involved the external body (59%), extremity (26%), head or neck (13%), face (4%), chest (1%), and abdomen (2%) and were more common during the summer. Injury severity scores had a mean of 1.8 and were grouped as: less than 3 (80%), 3-6 (19%), and greater than 6 (1.6%). Factors associated with higher trauma severity included MVAs, water-related injuries, sports, streets, schools, parks, playgrounds, skateboards, skates, and alcohol.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

What do clients think about the metaphors they receive? An initial inquiry.

Research on Ericksonian techniques and claims of effectiveness has been very sparse. Most of the focus on Ericksonian approaches has been on the development of techniques by the clinicians, seemingly independent of the meaning to the client. One of these interventions is the multiple embedded metaphor (MEM), a series of stories within stories. The underlying assumption is that in order to be effective the metaphor(s) needs to be processed outside of conscious awareness. Six clients participated and were given eight session of psychotherapy, three sessions of which involved the use of MEM. A week after each MEM session, clients reviewed that session on videotape with the therapist. Only one of the six clients reported amnesia for the experience. Four of the five nonamnestic clients had changes in their presenting problems and felt the process to be helpful. The limitations and implications for clinicians are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Molecular mechanism for feedback regulation of C4 biosynthesis in guinea pig peritoneal macrophage.

Previous reports have shown that regulation of local extrahepatic production of complement may not reflect the regulation of plasma concentrations of the corresponding proteins and, further, that alteration of the tissue microenvironment can affect local macrophage protein synthesis. This report describes the molecular basis for control of the biosynthesis and secretion of a class III major histocompatibility complex gene product, the fourth component of complement (C4), from guinea pig macrophages by extracellular native C4 protein. The effect is specific for C4 synthesis, since production of C2 and total secreted protein was unaffected by fluid phase C4. C4 synthesis by extracellular C4 is regulated at a pretranslational level, without an effect on posttranslational proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation, or secretion. Specific C4 and factor B cDNA probes were used to demonstrate, by dot hybridization and Northern blot analysis, a decrease in messenger RNA coding for C4 that paralleled the inhibition of C4 biosynthesis, while the amount of total RNA and mRNA specific for factor B remained constant. Inhibition of C4 biosynthesis and the disappearance of mRNA encoding C4 occurred between 4 and 6 h after exposure of the macrophages to biologically active or methylamine-inactivated C4 protein. These data demonstrate that regulation of C4 biosynthesis by guinea pig macrophages serves as a model for the study of the molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation as well as the control of production of a component of the inflammatory response.

Animals↗