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Biomedical subjects

W J Killoy

Publications and source records attributed to W J Killoy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of two sonic and two ultrasonic scaler tips in furcations.

This study compared the effectiveness of two sonic and two ultrasonic scaler tips on artificial calculus removal from the furcations of mandibular first and second molars. Twenty-four extracted mandibular molars were cleaned and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Teeth were split buccal lingually, artificial calculus was placed in the furcation areas, and the teeth were photographed with a stereo camera. Teeth were reconnected with bonding material and mounted in a typodont with simulated gingiva and attached to a dental chair. Teeth were instrumented with either a Cavitron TFI10 tip, Cavitron EWPP tip, Titan-S Universal tip, or Titan-S Sickle tip by a licensed dental hygienist until each tooth was judged calculus free to the touch with a CH3 explorer. Time for each instrumentation period was recorded. Following instrumentation, the teeth were again split and photographed. Stereophotogrammetry was used to produce tracings of the teeth with initial calculus and remaining calculus. Pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation amounts of calculus on the surface area were computed using the Bioquant system. A two factor analysis of variance was conducted followed with a Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Technique to test for within and between differences. Significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.01) were found between pre- and post-amounts of calculus for all tips. No significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) were found between the four instrument tips with respect to percentage of furcation surface with calculus remaining. No differences were found between tips with regard to the time required to clean the test surfaces.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of a counter-rotary action powered toothbrush and conventional toothbrush on plaque removal and gingival bleeding. A short term study.

Initial investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of a new contra-rotary powered electric toothbrush in removing plaque supragingivally, subgingivally, and interproximally following a single use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a counter-rotary toothbrush following 1) one time instruction, 2) reinstruction and 1 week practice; and 3) a third instruction and 3 weeks of practice and home use. Twenty-four patients were studied; 12 using the counter-rotary toothbrush and 12 using a conventional toothbrush. Using O'Leary and Turesky plaque indices, both brushes significantly reduced supragingival plaque from baseline at all intervals. The counter-rotary brush, however, was more efficient than the conventional brush at all intervals (P less than 0.01). Using a Surface Area Plaque Index, both brushes significantly reduced supragingival plaque from baseline at all intervals but there were no significant differences between brushes. A timed bleeding index showed significant reduction in gingival bleeding following 28 days of brushing with both brushes. Again, the counter-rotary toothbrush was superior to the conventional toothbrush (P less than 0.01).

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1989

Effects of an air-powder abrasive system on plasma-sprayed titanium implant surfaces: an in vitro evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation of the effects of an air-powder abrasive system, commonly used in clinical dentistry for periodontal maintenance, on the surfaces of plasma-sprayed titanium dental implants. Twenty-eight plasma-coated titanium implant specimens were divided into a sterile water-treated control group and an air-powder-abrasive-treated test group. All specimens were subjected to three different in vitro testing conditions and post-treatment evaluations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): (1) Topographical features of implant surfaces were studied before and after direct exposure to the abrasive; (2) biocompatibility of treated implant surfaces was evaluated and compared with those of control specimens via in vitro fibroblast attachment studies; and (3) the attachment of a common oral microbe to the implant surface and its subsequent removal by exposure to the air-powder abrasive were also evaluated. Results indicate that exposure of implant specimens to the air-powder abrasive for various periods resulted in only slight changes in surface topography, i.e., rounding of angles and edges of the plasma-spray coating and occasional surface pitting. Examination by SEM and a statistical comparison of the difference between the mean numbers of attached fibroblasts between control and test groups revealed no statistical significance. In both specimen groups, fibroblasts exhibited uniform attachment over the entire implant surface. A comparison of test and control groups demonstrated 100% removal of bacteria from the surfaces of test specimens exposed to the air-powder abrasive and approximately a 75% removal from control specimens exposed to sterile water.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural examination of human periodontal pockets following the use of an oral irrigation device in vivo.

To date, there are no ultrastructural studies that have examined untreated chronic periodontal pockets immediately following dental debridement with an oral irrigation device. This study used both scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic methodology to examine previously untreated human periodontal pockets after their exposure to a pulsating oral irrigation with saline solution. A comparison of 16 untreated controls with 16 test specimens revealed qualitative differences in microbial morphotypes at various pocket depths. Control specimens at all pocket depths examined (0-6 mm), exhibited a mixed microbial flora consisting of cocci, short rods, and filamentous organisms. Specifically at 3- to 4-mm and 5- to 6-mm levels in control specimens, spirochetes, fusiforms, and branching organisms were obvious. In contrast, test specimens exhibited a few cocci and short rods at 0- to 2-mm and 3- to 4-mm levels and a mixed flora at the 5- to 6-mm level. There was no observable difference between control and test specimens concerning epithelial topography, cavitations, microulcerations, spatial relationships, and individual cell appearance. Both control and test specimens exhibited a mild spirochete invasion of the epithelial strata. Collectively these observations suggest that pulsating oral irrigation effects a qualitative change on subgingival plaque and is not injurious to the soft tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of an air-powder abrasive device used during periodontal flap surgery in dogs.

An air-powder abrasive system, the Prophy-Jet, is a commercially available product product intended for use during dental prophylaxis procedures. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects on periodontal tissues when the device is used as an adjunct to hand instrumentation in root preparation during periodontal surgery. The degree of tissue injury was assessed by evaluating clinical healing and by histometric analysis of the intensity of the inflammatory response at selected healing times. Surgical sites subjected to Prophy-Jet treatment tended to have slightly lower histometric inflammation scores than control sites treated by hand instrumentation alone. As judged by the inflammatory response and clinical healing, additional effects to surgical exposure of tissues of the periodontium were benign. Use of the Prophy-Jet instrument during periodontal surgery is effective and well tolerated.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

Effect of an air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces in periodontal surgery.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an air-powder abrasive technique to conventional root planing during periodontal surgery. 7 patients scheduled for multiple extractions of periodontally-involved teeth were selected. Full thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected, and proximal surfaces of 32 teeth were either ultrasonically scaled and exposed to the air-powder abrasive, or ultrasonically scaled and then manually root planed. Following extraction, teeth were stained for residual plaque and photographed, or prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The air-powder abrasive technique used for surgical root preparation was found to produce a root surface favorably comparable to manual root planing with regard to removal of plaque, calculus, and exposed cementum. A mean of 80 micron of cementum was abraded away after 40 s of exposure to the air-powder spray. The air-powder abrasive spray demonstrated an advantageous ability to remove plaque and cementum from areas of difficult access, such as furcations and root flutings.

Dental Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1987

Supragingival root surface removal during maintenance procedures utilizing an air-powder abrasive system or hand scaling. An in vitro study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of root surface removal in vitro using an air-powder abrasive system or sharp curet on root surfaces simulating the cumulative effects of an every 3-month periodontal maintenance regimen over a 3-year period and to compare the amount of time spent in the utilization of each instrument. Fifty extracted teeth with fully formed roots were cleaned and mounted in one of 10 different artificial alveolar arches. Each arch contained one central incisor, one lateral incisor, one canine, one first and one second premolar. The buccal and mesial tooth root diameters were measured initially and after each treatment with a digital point micrometer. All teeth were stained with coffee and repositioned in their artificial alveolae and treated by the air-powder abrasive system or curet until all visible stain was removed. Time required for removal of stain in both treatment groups was recorded. Both groups were restained, retreated, and retimed 12 times to reproduce a 3-month maintenance interval for 3 years. The average root structure removed by the air-powder abrasive system following each treatment was 10.68 micron while the curet removed an average of 27.09 micron. Stain was removed 3.15 times faster by the air-powder abrasive system than with a curet.

Air↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of dark-field microscopy and a flagella stain for monitoring the effect of a Water Pik on bacterial motility.

The purpose of this examiner-blind study was threefold: to compare the microbial counts obtained by two different techniques for assessing bacterial motility, to assess the inter-rater reliability of these two techniques and to evaluate the effect of a water irrigating device (Water Pik) on bacterial motility at 3- and 6-mm probing depths. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 10 healthy patients having at least two sites that probed greater than 6 mm, (one control, one experimental). Half of the patients were sampled at 3 mm, the other half at 6 mm, both at baseline (Day 0) and at Day 21. Two slides were prepared from each plaque sample, one for dark-field evaluation and one stained with a simplified silver-plating technique for flagella. All slides were read simultaneously by 3 observers, and the per cent motility calculated for spirochetes, motiles and all others. Strong positive inter-rater reliability correlations ranging from r = 0.95 to r = 0.99 were found for both the dark-field and flagella staining techniques. Spirochete counts obtained by both techniques were highly correlated (r = 0.91), whereas counts for motiles resulted in negative correlations between the techniques. Dark-field counts were consistently higher than the flagella stain counts for motile rods. Spirochetes were reduced, but not significantly, after irrigation of both 3-mm and 6-mm sites. Bacterial motility can be evaluated by both dark-field and flagella-staining techniques with a high degree of inter-rater reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fluorescent antibody and flagella stains for rapid detection of bacteria at periodontally healthy and diseased sites.

Two rapid methods of identifying bacteria associated with periodontal disease were investigated to determine their diagnostic usefulness in longitudinal or epidemiologic studies. Three nonmotile organisms were identified by fluorescent antibody stains (FA) while percentages of motile bacteria were assessed by counting all spirochetes, flagellated and nonflagellated organisms stained with a simplified silver-plating stain for flagella. Relationships between disease activity and these bacteria from subgingival plaque samples taken at 18 individual sites (12 diseased, 6 healthy) were determined by correlating the quantity of detectable bacteria with the Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PLI) and probing depth (PD). The highest correlations found with the FA stains were between Bacteroides gingivalis and probing depth (rs = 0.85), GI (rs = 0.80) and PLI (rs = 0.80). Bacteroides melaninogenicus and/or Bacteroides intermedius also correlated well with the GI (rs = 0.66), PLI (rs = 0.64), and PD (rs = 0.59), but to a lesser degree than B. gingivalis. Flagella stains showed that spirochetes correlated highly with PD (rs = 0.82), as did the total motile group with PLI (rs = 0.82). Motile bacteria alone were only moderately associated with the clinical parameters measured. The results of this investigation suggest that FA- and flagella-staining methods can be valuable screening tools for the detection of bacterial species and motile organisms in longitudinal or epidemiologic studies.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1985

Gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis. A case report.

A case of gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis is reported in a 3-year-old girl. Partial recurrence was observed 6 months after surgical treatment. Psychological benefits resulting from the cosmetic improvement may outweigh the probability of recurrences in this rare condition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

The effect of an air-powder abrasive system on in vitro root surfaces.

An air-powder abrasive system, the Prophy-Jet model C-100, is now available for use by the dental community. However, its use has been restricted to cleaning enamel surfaces of stain and dental plaque. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the effects of this air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces of extracted human teeth. Thus, root surfaces of 20 teeth were covered with a template consisting of a metal band with a centrally located 2-mm diameter hole. The banded root surfaces, under controlled conditions, were exposed to the air-powder abrasive for 30 seconds. The resulting defects were measured by using a light microscope equipped with a graduated focus knob. Three teeth were randomly selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy and one was selected for histologic evaluation by light microscopy. Untreated extracted teeth were used as controls. In addition, one untreated tooth root was exposed to the air-powder abrasive without use of the template. In this instance, a brush stroke was used for approximately 1 minute, as might be done in a clinical situation. This tooth root was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. The Prophy-Jet air-powder abrasive system removed an average of 636.6 micrometers of root structure in 30 seconds of exposure time. The resulting surface was smooth, free of connective tissue fibers and debris, and all cementum was removed. Few open dentin tubules were observed since most appeared to have been obliterated. The powder crystals, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy, were sharp-pointed, somewhat elongated and of varying lengths. The Prophy-Jet air-powder abrasive system appears to have considerable potential for treatment of periodontally diseased root surfaces. However, its use should be tempered by the results of this and future research and sound clinical judgment.

Air↗
PubMed1983

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A transmission electron microscope study.

The purpose of this study was to provide additional evidence that in the lesions of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), spirochetes and other microorganisms are capable of invading the nonnecrotic lamina propria of affected gingivae. Biopsies from eight patients with pathognomonic signs of ANUG were obtained under local anesthesia and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that spirochetes and other bacteria are capable of penetrating the viable connective tissues of the lamina propria. The four zones of the ANUG lesion as first described by Listgarten were observed without difficulty. The maximum depth of bacterial infiltration into the lamina propria ranged from 155 to 400 microns from the nearest epithelial basal lamina. The histologic picture of the ANUG lesion did not always conform to the acute clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide on the microbial flora of periodontal pockets. A preliminary report.

This study investigated the effects of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide on the microbial flora of 4 to 7 mm periodontal pockets. Four selected patients were instructed to brush assigned quadrants daily with a sodium bicarbonate-3% hydrogen peroxide paste utilizing a split-mouth design. The paste was pumped between the teeth and gingiva via sulcular brushing and a Perio Aid. The control sides were treated in the identical manner with fluoridated paste. Probing depths on each patient were taken on Days 1 and 21 and examined under dark-field microscopy. For each sample, morphology and motility of all cells were recorded. The data were analyzed by three factor repeated measures analysis of variance. No statistically significant differences were found between the control and medicament sites at the 0.005 level regarding changes in the microbial flora. Probing depths were reduced during the study. However, similar results were found on both medicament and control sites. It appeared that sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide have no unusual benefits in reducing the microbial flora of periodontal pockets.

Adult↗