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Biomedical subjects

W J Halliday

Publications and source records attributed to W J Halliday.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity and serum blocking factors in cancer patients during chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

The leukocyte adherence inhibition test was used to monitor tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity in 15 patients who had a variety of malignant tumors and were undergoing chemotherapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy by Corynebacterium parvum. A rapid and prolonged loss of cell-mediated immunity in blood leukocytes was observed after treatment in all but one of the patients studied. Abolition of reactivity was due to the lack of production of the soluble lymphokine-like factor affecting leukocyte adherence to glass. A new phenomenon of adherence stimulation by antigen, also mediated by a soluble factor, was observed after treatment in some patients. A drop in titer or total abrogation of serum blocking factors occurred in six of six patients tested following chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The lowered levels of blocking activity persisted during treatment and, with the possible exception of one patient, were not correlated with clinical benefit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Specific cell-mediated immunity in the laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytic infections.

The leukocyte adherence inhibition test was used to detect cell-mediated immunity against antigens of the infecting fungi in patients with dermatophytosis. The species-specific diagnosis thus obtained was in all cases consistent with the eventual results of mycological examination. Most of the patients also produced a specific circulating blocking factor, the detection of which may be a useful guide to the success of treatment. Immunological reactivity against Candida albicans was also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Leukocyte adherence inhibition and specific immunoreactivity in malignant melanoma.

The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test has been used to assess specific anti-tumour immunoreactivity in 80 patients with malignant melanoma, 21 of whom had apparently been successfully treated by surgery, and 44 control subjects. Reaction with melanoma extracts in vitro enabled the activity of blood leukocytes to be detected by inhibition of their adherence to glass, while serum was tested for factors which modified this inhibition. Of the patients with tumours (ranging from primary melanoma in situ to advanced disseminated disease), 22/24 had active leukocytes and 50/58 has serum blocking factor; two of the sera, from patients with regressing tumours were unblocking. After surgery with no clinical recurrence, leukocytes continued to be active except when tested several years after operation. Blocking factor rapidly disappeared in 16/20 patients tested, and in several patients examined serially the serum became unblocking. In three cases, persistence of serum blocking was followed by clinical diagnosis of metastases. Leukocyte activity was nerver detected in control subjects (0/10), many of whom had other kinds of tumours or skin lesions. Blocking activity in serum was found in only 3/38 controls with no history of melanoma (1 had a fibrosing cellular blue naevus and 2 had liver disease). Thus the LAI test correlated well with clinical and pathological findings, and shows great promise for the reliable, rapid and specific immunodiagnosis of malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Immunodiagnosis of a metastasis in a patient with a history of double malignant disease.

This paper discusses the use made of the antigenic specificity of malignant tumours in the diagnosis and subsequent management of a patient with secondary malignant disease who had previously been treated for both carcinoma of the breast and malignant melanoma. A comparatively simple, rapid test (leucocyte adherence inhibition) was used to determine the patient's antitumour immunoreactivity. Cell-mediated immunity against both types of tumour was detected, but this was accompanied by serum-blocking factor corresponding to melanoma only, which indicated that the secondary malignant disease was melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Human thoracic duct cannulation: manipulation of tumor-specific blocking factors in a patient with malignant melanoma.

Thoracic duct lymph was drained for 28 days from a patient with disseminated malignant melanoma. Lymphocytes were separated from the lymph by centrifugation, and returned to the patient daily. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were monitored in blood and lymph, and were maintained at satisfactory levels throughout the period. Cell-mediated immunity and specific blocking activity directed against melanoma antigens were examined by the leukocyte adherence inhibition test. Blocking factors in drained lymph fell to undetectable levels after 6 days' thoracic duct drainage, whereas it took 9 days for serum blocking factors to fall to similar levels. Peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated cell-mediated immunity against melanoma antigens before and throughout the period of drainage, except for the immediate postoperative period. Within 24 hours of closure of the thoracic duct fistula, serum blocking activity had returned, and 17 days later the patient died.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

End thoracic duct presurres in man.

Thoracic duct end pressures have been measured in a conscious patient undergoing cannulation in an attempt to remove serum blocking activity. Pressures were measured during rest, coughing, straining and laughing during the last-mentioned activity pressures of the order of 85 mm Hg were recorded. It is suggested that formal ligation of the cannula at the termination of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Specific immunodiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by leucocyte adherence inhibition.

The leucocyte adherence inhibition test provides a rapid, reliable, and specific technique for the immunodiagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (malignant hepatoma). The patient's blood leucocytes are tested in vitro for cell-mediated immunity against tumour-associated antigens and the serum is tested for blocking factor which interferes with the immunological reaction. Specific reactivity of both leucocytes and serum was consistently detected in patients with malignant hepatoma, and negative reactions were obtained in other liver diseases including secondary tumours of the liver. The test has provided positive evidence for the presence of hepatoma when more conventional methods gave doubtful or negative results. A positive result preceded the clinical appearance of tumour by up to three years in two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Detection of anti-tumour cell mediated immunity and serum blocking factors in cancer patients by the leucocyte adherence inhibition test.

The leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test, previously described for the detection of cell mediated immunity and serum blocking factors associated with murine tumours, has now been adapted for use with human cancer patients. Blood leucocytes from these patients, mixed in vitro with antigenic extracts of tumours of the same type, had their normal adherence to glass surfaces diminished. This inhibition was reversed (blocked) by the addition of the patients' own sera. Both LAI and blocking were tumour-type specific, but showed complete cross-reactivity within each type of tumour (melanoma, colon carcinoma, mammary carcinoma).The LAI test could be of great value in diagnosis and evaluation of treatment, since it seems to reproduce consistently the findings made by more elaborate techniques but has the advantage of being simple, rapid and inexpensive.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗