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Biomedical subjects

W J Graham

Publications and source records attributed to W J Graham.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Differential radioprotection of normal tissues by hydrophilic chemical protectors.

Analogous to certain radiosensitizers which are too hydrophilic to enter tumor cells, certain radioprotectors, because of their hydrophilicity, may also be hindered from entering tumor cells and thus protect only normal tissues. In testing this hypothesis, we utilized thin layer chromatography as convenient means to measure radioprotector hydrophilicity. Dose reduction factors (DRF's) for hematopoietic radioprotection were determined in BALB/c mice given half maximum tolerated doses (MTD/2) of 11 radioprotectors 30 min prior to graded doses of gamma rays. DRF's for tumor protection were determined in MCa-11 tumor-bearing mice using a regrowth delay assay. Differential radioprotection was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.86) with hydrophilicity. Thus, radioprotector hydrophilicity appears to be a significant factor in the differential radioprotection observed and should be useful in designing or selecting better differential radioprotectors.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of terrorist injuries treated at Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, 1972-1980.

As a result of terrorist incidents, 482 patients were seen at a district hospital between September 1972 and December 1980. Details of 339 bomb victims and 115 gunshot victims were available for analysis. Most patients in both categories suffered injuries not affecting vital structures and there was an admission rate of 42 per cent for bomb victims and 81 per cent for gunshot victims. Five patients died in hospital as a result of explosions, and 12 of gunshot wounds. The majority of patients (72 per cent) were seen outside normal working hours (9.00 am-5.00 pm). Initial emergency treatment was carried out at Craigavon Area Hospital and ultimately 41 cases were transferred for either security or medical reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Scattered radiation from trimmer bars in the cobalt-60 teletherapy machines.

The amount of scattered radiation resulting from four Cobalt-60 teletherapy units in four different hospitals when trimmer bars were fully extended was studied. Scatter was present for all machines checked at between 10% and 20% of the central axis dose. Clinical significance is also discussed.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1976

Bilateral testicular torsion in the newborn.

A neonate with bilateral torsion of the testes is described. Torsion occurred in utero and was discovered only on routine examination after birth. The relevance of the comparatively silent torsion is discussed in relation to the age of the child, and the timing of routine examination of the newborn.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya.

A study was undertaken in order to determine the prevalence and aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy in coastal Kenya, so as to establish locally important causes and enable the development of appropriate intervention strategies. 275 women attending the antenatal clinic at Kilifi district hospital, Kenya, were recruited in November 1993. The prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11 g/dL) was 75.6%, and the prevalence of severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dL) was 9.8% among all parities; 15.3% of 73 primigravidae were severely anaemic, compared with 7.9% of 202 multigravidae (P = 0.07). In primigravidae, malaria infection (Plasmodium falciparum) was strongly associated with moderate and severe anaemia (chi 2 test for trend, P = 0.003). Severe anaemia was more than twice as common in women with peripheral parasitaemia as in those who were aparasitaemic, and parasitaemia was associated with a 2.2g/dL decrease in mean haemoglobin level (P < 0.001). In multigravidae, iron deficiency and hookworm infection were the dominant risk factors for anaemia. Folate deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus infection were not strongly associated with anaemia. It is suggested that an intervention that can effectively reduce malaria infection in primigravidae could have a major impact on the health of these women and their infants.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigating induced abortion in developing countries: methods and problems.

Interest in abortion research is reemerging, partly as a result of political changes and partly due to evidence of the contribution of induced abortion to maternal mortality in developing countries. Information is lacking on all aspects of induced abortion, particularly methodological issues. This article reviews the methodological dilemmas encountered in previous studies, which provide useful lessons for future research on induced abortion and its complications, including related deaths. Adverse health outcomes of induced abortion are emphasized, because these are largely avoidable with access to safe abortion services. The main sources of information are examined, and their relevance for assessing rates of induced abortion, complications, and mortality is addressed. Two of the major topics are the problems of identifying cases of induced abortion, abortion complications, and related deaths, and the difficulties of selecting a valid and representative sample of women having the outcome of interest, with an appropriate comparison group. The article concludes with a discussion of approaches for improving the accuracy, completeness, and representativeness of information on induced abortion. Although the prospects for high-quality information seem daunting, it is essential that methodological advances accompany program efforts to alleviate this important public health problem.

Abortion, Induced↗