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Biomedical subjects

W J Daly

Publications and source records attributed to W J Daly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Tumor proliferation in rectal cancer following preoperative irradiation.

PURPOSE: This study examines the effect of preoperative irradiation on tumor proliferation in rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two patients with locally advanced rectal cancer received 45 to 50 Gy of preoperative irradiation followed by surgery. Pretreatment tumor biopsies and postirradiation surgical specimens were scored for proliferative activity by assaying the extent of Ki-67 and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining and the number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields (hpf). Preirradiation and postirradiation proliferative activity was determined and correlated to clinical outcome. RESULTS: There was an overall reduction in the tumor proliferative activity of rectal cancer after irradiation compared with its preirradiation state. Decreases in the activity of all three markers of tumor proliferation (Ki-67 and PCNA immunostaining, and mitotic counts) were observed in irradiated tumors compared with pretreatment biopsies. Postirradiation tumor proliferative activity was associated with pathologic tumor stage. A high level of proliferative activity was observed in tumors downstaged to the rectal wall (T1-2) compared with tumors that retained transmural penetration (T3-4). Multivariate analysis indicated that postirradiation proliferative activity and stage were independently associated with survival following surgery. Patients with tumors that exhibited elevated proliferative activity postirradiation had improved survival compared with patients with tumors that showed less proliferative activity. CONCLUSION: Moderate- to high-dose preoperative irradiation decreases both the tumor size and proliferative activity of rectal cancers. Elevated postirradiation tumor proliferative activity correlates strongly with improved survival. This may aid in identifying high-risk patients following preoperative irradiation and surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Urologic abnormalities in Menkes' syndrome.

Menkes' syndrome, a rare sex-linked disorder of copper metabolism, has been found to be associated with a high incidence of urologic abnormalities. Bladder diverticula were present in 3 of 4 patients reviewed. Management of incomplete bladder emptying and consequent urinary tract infection is discussed.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1967

Physiologic studies of the pulmonary capillary bed after barium sulfate embolization.

22 anesthetized dogs were given a barium sulfate suspension intravenously in a dose sufficient to double mean pulmonary artery pressure. 10 sec breath-holding carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D(LCO10)) was measured before and after this standard embolization in each dog. No post-embolic decrease in D(LCO10) was observed. In the study of this apparent paradox, it was found that the potential for further increase in D(LCO10) during exercise remained after embolization. During rest prolongation of breath holding to 60 sec decreased CO absorption significantly more in the embolized than in the nonembolized dogs. While D(LCO10) was not affected by standard barium embolization, oxygen diffusing capacity was clearly decreased. The bronchial collateral circulation did not participate in preventing a D(LCO10) decrease after embolization since surgical interruption of the bronchial circulation did not alter the response to barium. Microscopic examination of lung sections taken after standard embolization showed plugging of precapillary vessels in the 40-50 mu range. These studies suggest that acute precapillary embolic obstruction of vessels of this size interferes remarkably little with CO absorption over short periods of time, probably because of continued CO absorption in portions of the capillary net distal to the sites of impaction. The remarkable anastomotic nature of this capillary network with multiple sources of access possibly provides the anatomic basis for this observation. This study demonstrates a clear dissociation between acute changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and D(LCO10)-both during rest and exercise.

Animals↗