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Biomedical subjects

W Ironside

Publications and source records attributed to W Ironside.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Successful parents of in vitro fertilization (IVF): the social repercussions.

A matched comparison was made of 157 parents of preschool twins conceived by one of the following: in vitro fertilization (IVF), infertility workup combined with infertility drug treatment, or spontaneously. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction was used to examine systematically a comprehensive range of social relationships and the asymmetries therein. Overall, IVF parents reported having deficient social relationships compared with non-IVF parents, and this deficiency was both in size and in affective quality of their available relationships. As anticipated, mothers reported less adequate and available social relationships when compared with their spouses. In the event of a significant finding, mothers from the three groups always had lower mean scores than the fathers. The finding of the extent to which IVF parents were not as socially integrated, compared with the other families of preschool twins, highlights the need to strengthen through mutual aid IVF parents' social networks. The data also suggest the need for ongoing patient care by IVF teams and for support groups to be established exclusively for IVF parents of twins.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric morbidity in parents of twins born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques.

A matched comparison was made of 158 parents of preschool twins conceived under three conditions; spontaneously, after infertility workup including drug treatment, and after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Indications of probable psychiatric caseness were obtained using the 60-item General Health Questionnaire. IVF parents' mean scores were similar to those of parents who spontaneously conceived, and both were significantly greater than those who conceived after an infertility workup. Mothers and fathers overall had similar scores, contrary to previous community findings of higher rates of psychiatric disorder among females. The prevalence of probable psychiatric caseness was less for IVF and spontaneously conceiving mothers, but greater for the respective fathers, than in an English community sample and greater than in an Australian community sample. The extent to which the self-reports of current psychiatric disturbance can be ascribed to any preexisting psychopathology is unknown. Indications of increased psychiatric disturbance found in this investigation warrant further prospective investigations, especially of the difficulties of rearing twins when couples are vulnerable in having this degree of psychiatric morbidity.

Australia↗
PubMed1988

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients' anxiety and depression.

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1980

Conservation-withdrawal and action-engagement: on a theory of survivor behavior.

In severe continuing adversity, it is postulated that a potential for survivor behavior with common characteristics is evoked that may ultimately result in survival of what at first sight appears to be insuperable odds. The process of survival results in a radical change of values, intensified concern with the body (the survival value of hypochondriasis and narcissism), the establishment of absolute trust in a few others or the equivalent for internalized objects if alone. Communication is paramount. This survivor behavior is distorted in the clinical setting resulting in noncompliance, manipulation of power figures (clinical staff), and distorted understanding, both ways, of communication. Suggestions are offered on the developmental history of the patient as a survivor and how survivor behavior can be incorporated into therapeutic regimes. In line with the concept of conservation-withdrawal, the action-engagement of survivor behavior is hypothesised as being biologically based.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Unexpected recoveries from chronic severe psychiatric illness during treatment by psychological modes.

Four patients with psychotic illnesses and two with obsessional neuroses made unexpected recoveries attributable to psychological processes. They had been ill for periods ranging from 6 months to 19 years before first seen. All had physical therapies of several kinds including one who had approximately 500 ECT and another who had bimedial lobotomy. Follow-up after recoveries ranged from 6 to 24 years. In two cases psychotherapy (psychoanalytically orientated) was significant. Changed family dynamics, the support of a psychopomp, and the mobilisation of previously unrealized ego-resources were other significant psychological processes. Exhaustive re-evaluation of patients resistant to physical therapies is urged.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The infant development distress (IDD) syndrome: a predictor of impaired development?

A group of eight infants with a disorder termed the IDD syndrome and another group of eight matched healthy infants taken into study at the same time have been followed-up for 6.75 years. The follow-up technique and some findings are described. Three IDD syndrome children are still severely disturbed. Three others show recovery from severe developmental disturbance. But one child who was grossly abused after being taken into the study has been well since the third follow-up. The comparison children have not experienced comparable problems. A qualified affirmative to the question of predictive power is given and discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transplantation of kidneys from living related donors. Comparison with cadaveric kidney transplantation.

In a series of 271 transplantations of renal allografts, performed over 10 years, the rates of graft survival, patient survival, and morbidity in the recipients of allografts from living related donors (47 allografts) have been compared with those in the recipients of cadaveric allografts (224 allografts). The one-year graft survival rates were 88% for allografts from living related donors (100%, if these were HLA-identical) and 55% for cadaveric allografts, while the patient survival rates were 97% and 87%, respectively, in the same period. Morbidity rates (expressed as the number of days spent in hospital) for recipients of allografts from living related donors were approximately 50% of those for recipients of cadaveric grafts. Complications in the living related donors were minimal, and acceptable. It is concluded that transplantation of allografts from living related donors has many advantages over transplantation of cadaveric kidneys, and is a valuable adjunct to a cadaveric renal transplantation programme. Greater use of living related kidney donors should be encouraged in Australia.

Adolescent↗