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Biomedical subjects

W Hunt

Publications and source records attributed to W Hunt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

On fighting versus accepting stressful circumstances: primary and secondary control among HIV-positive men in prison.

The primacy of primary control over secondary control and ethnic differences in control processes were tested in HIV-positive male state prison inmates. They rated their perceptions of control and psychological distress at an initial interview (N = 95) and 3 months later (N = 78). Regression analyses revealed that primary control had primacy as it had greater adaptive value. However, secondary control did not function as a backup to primary control, and temporal differences in control were not found. No mean differences due to ethnicity (African American vs. White) were found, but there was a strong ethnic difference in the effects of primary control. White participants showed the expected negative relationship between distress and primary control, but African American participants did not. The idea that the benefits of primary control would be the same across various subcultures was not supported.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

The diffident narcissist: a character-type illustrated in The Beast in the Jungle by Henry James.

The author demonstrates that Henry James's novella 'The Beast in the Jungle' can be read in the light of a psychoanalytic understanding of narcissism. Although James does not describe the hero's childhood, it can be imagined from the perspective of analytic understanding. The character painted by James is characterised by a persona of conventionality, decorum and inhibited sexuality and assertiveness. His inner life is dominated by a secret grandiose fantasy. This combination leads the author to call this type the diffident narcissist. The type bears a relationship to the covert narcissist described by Akhtar, Cooper and others in various contributions. James traces his hero's development from young adulthood to old age, through his evolving relationship with a kind and empathic woman. Because he waits for a transforming event that never happens, this man fails to seize the love and happiness that real life has offered him.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Comment on procedures in Washington State for selection of students for Chapter 1 programs.

For two years, Chapter 1 coordinators in the state of Washington periodically attended workshops and received other technical assistance concerning the use of multiple measures for selecting students into the Chapter 1 program. A survey was sent to all coordinators in the state to assess current selection practices after the two-year effort to give technical assistance. Analysis showed that most districts now incorporate multiple measures, presumably facilitated by technical assistance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of human sperm plasma membrane: glycolipids and polypeptides.

The plasma membranes from ejaculated human spermatozoa were removed by nitrogen cavitation (600 PSI for 10 min) and isolated by centrifugation followed by a discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Glycolipid analysis of the plasma membrane revealed a three-fold enrichment in gangliosides: GM3 and GD1a/GD1b and neutral glycolipids: globoside and sulfatide as compared to that of whole human sperm. Two dimensional electrophoresis of human sperm plasma membranes revealed about 75 polypeptides. Several of these polypeptides were similar in migration and in display of shape and color to that found in boar sperm plasma membranes.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1987

Organization of the boar spermatozoan plasma membrane: evidence for separate domains (subdomains) of integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane overlying the principal segment of the acrosome.

Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and freeze-fracture have been used to identify overlapping subdomains at the peripheral rim of the sperm-head plasma membrane (PM) and the margin of the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) comprising the principal segment of the acrosome of the boar spermatozoon. An array of ridge-like structures (spaced 12-16 nm centre-to-centre), originally observed on the OAM by Aguas & Pinto da Silva, lies just beneath an area of the PM that is sparsely populated with large intramembranous particles compared to that of other regions of the head PM. This region has a high specificity for the lectin arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin). We suggest that the OAM at the rim of the sperm head may be rich in acidic phospholipids and that the close apposition of this membrane with a region of the PM relatively poor in integral membrane proteins may provide sites for initiating the acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of renal hemodynamics by plasma amino acid and hormone concentrations.

Our results as well as those in the literature suggest that some hormone or combination of hormones, that are inhibited by somatostatin, is responsible for the hyperfiltration response following amino acid infusion/protein ingestion. Recently, we have infused amino acids with somatostatin and replaced the stimulated levels of insulin/glucagon/growth hormone observed during amino acid infusion alone (Castellino and DeFronzo, preliminary results). This combined hormone replacement was able to overcome the inhibitory effect of somatostatin and return the increase in RPF and GFR to the elevated levels observed following amino acid infusion. These results suggest that some combination of these hormones is involved in the hyperfiltration response to hyperaminoacidemia. However, several comments are worthy of emphasis. First, somatostatin is known to inhibit a number of hormones (Table 1), and a contributory role for any of these should not be excluded. Second, a large body of evidence has accumulated to indicate that neither insulin, glucagon, nor growth hormone alone are capable of augmenting either RPF or GFR. The possibility that infusion of the three hormones together will increase RPF and GFR, when neither hormone alone will do so, has not been examined. More likely, some interaction between the elevated plasma amino acid concentrations and the elevated hormone levels is responsible for the hyperfiltration response. It is interesting to speculate that such an interaction might be exerted at the level of the kidney by an effect on renal amino acid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increase in the concentration of major boar sperm surface proteins during maturation in the epididymis.

High-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses have indicated that several major boar sperm plasma membrane polypeptides (PMPs) increased in concentration during maturation in the epididymis. To investigate this further, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to two of these PMPs/glycoproteins referenced as 4.85 and 5.0 and polyclonal antisera (PCA) raised against PMP 5.0 were used to quantify these changes. ELISA assays for both PMPs, using solubilized plasma membrane (PM) and intact PM as antigens, indicated that both PMPs were present in greater concentration in cauda PM than in caput PM. ELISA assay using PCA against 5.0 and whole sperm from the cauda and caput epididymis also showed an increase in the concentration of this protein during transit through the epididymis. Indirect FITC fluorescence microscopy showed that MAbs reacted specifically with the luminal aspect of secretory cells of the corpus epididymis and, with greater intensity, with secretory cells of the cauda segment. When MAb tags were used the fluorescence technique indicated that PMP 5.0 was restricted to a narrow area of PM overlying the principal segment of the head of caput sperm but fluorescence extended further into the principal segment and into the flagellum of cauda PM. Since MAb binding sites appear to be partially masked, PCA were also used to localize antigenic sites. PCA to PMP 5.0 showed antigen localization in both head and flagellar PM of cauda and caput sperm. The fluorescence of cauda sperm PM, however, was significantly more intense than that of caput sperm PM. MAb to PMP 4.85 also bound to antigen more extensively on cauda sperm. The sum of these analyses suggests that major sperm PMPs are secreted by the epididymis and absorbed by sperm. The magnitude of surface protein changes occurring during epididymal transit in boar sperm appears to be greater than heretofore recognized.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Posttesticular surface modifications and contributions of reproductive tract fluids to the surface polypeptide composition of boar spermatozoa.

Caput and cauda epididymal fluids were found to be exceedingly rich in the numbers and kinds of polypeptides when analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Only a few of the major (Coomassie-stained) and minor (silver-stained) epididymal fluid polypeptides were identified on epididymal sperm plasma membranes (PM) and even fewer identified in ejaculated sperm. The 2-D electrophoretic patterns of caput sperm PM differed little from those of cauda sperm PM. Thus, epididymal transit resulted in relatively minor quantitative and qualitative modifications in sperm PM composition. Seminal plasma showed a few major polypeptides from the cauda epididymal fluid, but the major constituents were those polypeptides from the seminal vesicle secretions. Sperm appear to acquire one acidic high molecular weight polypeptide from either the bulbourethral gland or prostate gland, and another major acidic polypeptide of high molecular weight from the seminal vesicle gland. Numerous neutral and basic low molecular weight polypeptides, originating from the seminal vesicles, adhered tightly to sperm. These were major polypeptides and constituted a substantial percentage of the total PM protein. Thus, major contributions to the sperm PM polypeptide profile occurred at ejaculation. This study did not address loosely bound polypeptides but is the first to analyze, in a comprehensive way, the origins of tightly bound sperm polypeptides from a single species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Electrophoretic map of boar sperm plasma membrane polypeptides and localization and fractionation of specific polypeptide subclasses.

A high resolution, two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoretic map of the plasma membrane (PM) polypeptides from the ejaculated boar spermatozoon is described. 2-D silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels revealed over 250 polypeptides; Coomassie blue staining revealed more than 100. Fifty Coomassie-staining polypeptides were catalogued and biochemically characterized, with twenty of these designated major sperm PM polypeptides. Cavitation pressures ranging from 50 PSI to 1000 PSI were used to enrich 2-D maps either in head PM (50 PSI) or in flagellar PM (1000 PSI) and provided tentative localization of certain PM polypeptides. Immunoabsorption chromatography showed that most major polypeptides seen in the 2-D map were antigenic. Major polypeptide bands from single dimensional (1-D) gels were excised, antibodies against them were produced in rabbits, and the polypeptides were localized via indirect fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) technique. Cross-reacting antigenic determinants in the PAGE PM polypeptides were determined by transblotting and staining the transblots by an indirect peroxidase technique. Cross-reactivity was extensive with several polypeptide groups, but specific enough with others to allow tentative localization. Lectin affinity chromatography using Con A, WGA, RCA-1, PNA, and DBA indicated the lectin specificity of PM polypeptides. These data together with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and carbohydrate-specific silver staining permitted identification of glycoproteins in the 2-D maps. FITC coupled to specific lectins showed the regional distribution of these lectins on the sperm surface. The 2-D polypeptide map and the catalogue of properties of major Coomassie-stained PM polypeptides provides a reference for future studies in the boar and other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The use of the countertransference in psychotherapy supervision.

The countertransference, the therapist's emotional reaction to the patient at each point in time, should naturally and routinely be part of the data under discussion in the supervisory session. The countertransference is so important a part of the psychotherapeutic process that to ignore it is to risk missing an important part, perhaps even the core, of what is happening in the treatment. The countertransference can be utilized in supervision without risk of intruding into the student-therapist's private life, or of turning supervision into psychotherapy, if the supervisor maintains a mental set of readiness to seek the origins of the countertransference emotions in the therapist's interaction with the patient. That these countertransference emotions also have their connections with the therapist's own neurotic conflicts is acknowledged and in no way minimized, but this is left to one side as not germane to the goals of supervision. The supervisor should always hold in mind the question, "How can these emotional reactions of the therapist lead us to a deeper understanding of the patient, of the patient's current emotional situation, and of the therapeutic process?"

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A clinical clerkship in psychiatry.

A clinical clerkship was organized around the goal of teaching information and skills that would be needed by the nonpsychiatrist physician. In most clinical clerkships the students work on an inpatient service. In the clerkship described here the setting is an outpatient clinic, which provides a more relevant experience. Videotaped psychiatric interviews are used extensively and have been found to provide a valuable teaching format. They are effective in holding student interest, in avoiding the practical difficulties of live interviews, and in teaching active listening and interviewing technique, as well as in demonstrating a variety of psychopathology. Field trips to state psychiatric hospitals, institutions for mental defectives, clinics for treating alcoholics or addicts, and other mental health facilities have been used but have not been found to be a very valuable part of the program.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1975

History and analysis of a leaderless group of professional therapists.

The authors describe the experiences of a group of 11 psychiatrists and psychologists who met for 3 years with the initial purpose of providing peer supervision in group therapy. The group became a basic assumption dependency group in which all members had both realistic and magical expectations for help with their personal lives, and a resulting attempted transformation into a leaderless therapy group was a failure. The authors indicate that the experiences of this group illustrate some of the functions of group-leader interaction in allowing group and individual growth.

Adult↗