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Biomedical subjects

W Huber

Publications and source records attributed to W Huber.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Recent advances and prospects in periodic hemodialytic treatment for patients with uremia].

Following a brief outline of the history of haemodialytic technique, the most relevant recent progress is illustrated. Advances include the success of the internal artero-venous fistula for access to the vessels, of "less than" single "greater than" haemodialytic units, of three-times-a-week dialysis, and the creation of new disposable dialyzers of high efficiency and low priming volume. Some of the problems posed by the patient in periodic haemodialysis are then examined (the problem involved in the risk of hepatitis, that of persistent severe anemia even after haemodialysis has been begun and that of osteopathy) and the most suitable measures for preventing or limiting these situations are presented. Finally, survival indices of patients undergoing periodic haemodialysis are examined and it is concluded that, although various clinical problems have as yet failed to find a complete solution, the patient under haemodialysis can enjoy a satisfactory state of rehabilitation to family and working life and survive even for more than ten years after the terminal phase of uraemia.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances.

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. II. Peripheral nerve disturbances.

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4-14.5 mg% were examined for clinical and electrophysiological signs of nephrogenic polyneuropathy. The motor symptoms complained of were cramps in 43.8% of the patients, "restless leggs" in 18.7%, muscular twitchings in 12.5%. It was emphasized that the first two symptoms do not always indicate the presence of polyneuropathy. 30% complained of paresthesias, 5% of "burning feet". The most frequent clinical finding was the impairment of vibration sense in the feet in 37.5% followed by diminshed appreciation of passive movement of the toes in 30%, weakening or absence of the ankle jerk in 23.8% and finally, weakening of the patellar reflex in 5%...

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Behavior therapy and sex therapy].

The author attempts to situate sextherapy of Masters and Johnson in relation to behaviour therapy in indicating the principles elaborated by old behaviour therapy and its most recent developments which are at the origin of sextherapy. He also considers the problem of indications and complementary relation which can be comprehended between these approaches and the psychoanalytical approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The EEG in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)].

In a strictly selected material of 80 patients, who were all outpatients of a special nephrological clinic, with chronic renal insufficiency with retention values of 1.4-14.5 mg% serum creatinine, an EEG was done besides thorough neurological and internal examinations. In 21 cases (26.2%) a pathological EEG in the form of background slowing and general dysrhythmia. There was a tendency to increase in pathological EEG findings in correlation with increase of the retention values. The patients with pathological EEG had on the average a creatinine value of 5.89 mg%, those without EEG findings had an average creatinine value of 3.98 mg%. The difference is statistically significant (alpha less than or equal to 0.015). It is notable that there is a statistical correlation (alpha less than or equal to 0.005) between the presence of pathological EEG and the motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve: only 12% of the patients with a conduction velocity of less than 43 m/sec had a pathological EEG while 60% of the patients with a conduction velocity of more than 43 m/sec had EEG findings. No statistical correlation were found between the EEG changes and other neurological and internal signs and symptoms, including cardiovascular findings like the blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Antibiotic therapy and renal insufficiency. Pharmacokinetics of pivampicillin, cephaloridin and streptomycin in chronic uremic patients undergoing conservative or hemodialytic treatment].

The plasma kinetics of some antibiotics (pivampicillin, cephaloridine, streptomycin) has been studied in patients with chronic renal failure. The oral administration of pivampicllin promptly increases the plasma levels of the antibiotic, without any toxic side effect: this antibiotic is to be chosen in chronic uremic patients, also during regular dialytic treatment (R.D.T.). Cephaloridine has some renal toxic effects in high concentration; in the renal failure it is advisable to calculate the exact dose of the antibiotic by the use of nomograms when the creatinine clearance is known. These nomograms must absolutely be employed when administrating some toxic antibiotics, as gentamycin and streptomycin in chronic uremic patients. Some formulas have been experimentally determined, which allow a calculation of the exact dose of the antibiotic, also during R.D.T. If a kidney or urinary tract infection is present in patients with low G.F.R. (creatinine-clearance less than 30 ml/min.), it is necessary to administer only those antibiotics which can reach an active urinary concentration (i.e. penicillin and derivatives, cephaloridine).

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

[The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)].

Despite the variability of its behavioral manifestations Wernicke's aphasia is considered to be a unitary syndrome. According to the criteria of intelligibility, phonemic and semantic paraphasias in spontaneous speech, 4 forms of Wernicke's aphasia are differentiated: 1) with predominantly semantic paraphasias, 2) with semantic jargon, 3) with predominantly phonemic paraphasias and 4) with phonemic jargon. A severe deficit in language understanding is common to all 4 forms. In addition to phonemic and semantic paraphasias paragrammatism is an outstanding feature of the language production in Wernicke's aphasia. After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis of language-understanding deficit in aphasia. Methodological considerations and composition of a test for discourse comprehension (author's transl)].

The investigation of language comprehension in aphasics has usually been concerned only with the word and sentence levels. It has not been considered that language in the normal communicative situation has the character of discourse. Furthermore, language understanding should be conceived of as comprising different processes of comprehension which can be selectively affected in aphasia. It was therefore necessary to compose a test for text comprehension. In this test the patient is read a short text and then required to choose that picture from a multiple-choice set which is most appropriate to the story. Texts and pictures were developed according to the linguistic parameters: agent/experiencer, action, situation, metaphorical comment. With the tasks kept uniform this test allows not only quantitative but also qualitative statistical evaluation. Preliminary results show that the test reveals qualitative differences between subtypes of aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Grammatical impairment in developmental aphasia.

The language production of a 23 year old patient with developmental aphasia caused by birth injury was analyzed in detail within the framework of Chomsky's generative grammar. It was shown that different stages of grammatical development occur simultaneously, without the predominance of those grammatical forms which are identical with or close to adult grammar. Thus the language of this patient with developmental aphasia is quite comparable to the language of children from 3 to 6, and shares many features with grammatical impairment well known from agrammatism and paragrammatism in adult aphasia. It was suggested that in developmental aphasia incomplete linguistic generalizations are related to an incomplete maturation of inhibitory functions during language acquisition, whereas in adult aphasia comparable forms of less advanced grammars are set free by dissolution of function.

Adult↗