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Biomedical subjects

W Hu

Publications and source records attributed to W Hu.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Polymorphism of mitochondrial DNAs of Yunnan domestic water buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis, in China, based on restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns.

Restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) of three local types of Yunnan native water buffalo were analyzed using 18 enzymes which recognize six nucleotides. Among the 12 animals analyzed, 3 of 18 enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and Scal, revealed polymorphisms. Three mtDNA types were identified. The results indicate that a relatively low level of mtDNA variation exists in Yunnan domestic water buffaloes. The origin of Chinese buffalo derived from Yunnan province of China is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE: Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMTs) who have relapsed may attain complete remissions when treated with transfusions of leukocytes obtained from the original bone marrow donor. We performed a retrospective study to characterize better this new treatment modality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed 25 North American BMT programs regarding their use of donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). Detailed forms were used to gather data regarding the original BMT, relapse, DLI, response to DLI, complications of DLI, and long-term follow-up evaluation. Reports of 140 patients were thus available for analysis. RESULTS: Complete responses were observed in 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9% to 68.1%) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients who received DLI and did not receive pre-DLI chemotherapy; response rates were higher in patients with cytogenetic and chronic-phase relapse (75.7%; 95% CI, 68.2% to 83.2%) than in patients with accelerated-phase (33.3%; 95% CI, 19.7% to 46.9%) or blastic-phase (16.7%; 95% CI, 1.9% to 31.9%) relapse. The actuarial probability of remaining in complete remission at 2 years was 89.6%. Complete remission rates in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (n = 39) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (n = 11) patients who had not received pre-DLI chemotherapy were 15.4% (95% CI, 9.6% to 21.2%) and 18.2% (95% CI, 6.6% to 29.8%), respectively. Complete remissions were also observed in two of four assessable myeloma patients and two of five assessable myelodysplasia patients. Complications of DLI included acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (60%; 95% CI, 51.4% to 68.6%), chronic GVHD (60.7%; 95% CI, 50.3% to 71.1%), and pancytopenia (18.6%; 95% CI, 12.2% to 25.0%). Pre-DLI characteristics predictive of complete response in CML patients were post-BMT chronic GVHD, pre-DLI disease status of chronic phase, and time interval between BMT to DLI less than 2 years. Acute and chronic GVHD post-DLI were highly correlated with disease response (P < .00001). CONCLUSION: DLI results in complete remissions in a high percentage of patients with relapsed chronic-phase CML. Complete remissions are observed less frequently in patients with advanced CML and acute leukemia. GVHD and pancytopenia occur commonly; GVHD is highly correlated with response.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1997

[Mutation and expression of p53 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma and lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mutation and expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cervical carcinoma and lung cancer. METHODS: 24 NPCs, 9 cervical carcinomas and 10 lung cancers were examined by immunohistochemical and PCR-SSCP techniques. RESULTS: 23/24 (90.1%) NPCs, 6/9 (66.7%) cervical carcinomas and 9/10 (90.0%) lung cancers showed p53 overexpression. No NPC or cervical carcinoma had p53 mutations in exons 5-8 of the gene, whereas mutations were found in 5 lung cancers, one in exon 8 and four in exon 5. All five cases showed p53 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of p53 exists in NPC, cervical carcinoma and lung cancer. It is related to gene mutation in lung cancer, but not in NPC or cervical carcinoma. The DNA tumor viruses may be involved in the overexpression of p53 in NPC and cervical carcinoma.

Exons↗
PubMed1997

[Preiliminary studies on the efficacy and mechanism of interleukin-3 in the treatment of myelosuppression in mice].

The effects of recombinant interleukin -3 (IL-3) on the myelosuppression induced by irradiation and cyclophosphamide (CY) were observed in mice. The experimental results were as follows: (1) Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of rh IL-3 daily for 5 days immediately after irradiation could alleviate the radiation-induced hematopoietic injuries. The yields and the numbers of CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-GM in femural marrow in mice on the 9th day post exposure to 7 Gy gamma-rays were much higher than those in control animals. Meanwhile, rh IL-3 showed a weak influence on the numbers of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMC) and endogeneous CFU-S. (2) Subcutaneous administration of rh IL-3 for 5 consecutive days brought a favour of CY treated mice to elevate the yields of hematopoietic progenitor cells. (3) The effects of rh IL-3 on myelosuppression induced by radiation or CY were closely related to the route of administration, administration schedules, dosage of this cytokine and the disease state as well. So it seemed important to research still further an appropriate, optimal and flexible guide for clinical use. (4) In vitro rh IL-3 had no effect on the growth of murine BMC and CFU-GM. In comparison with control, after coculture with rmIL-3 (recombinant mouse interleukin (3)) BMCs of normal mice and mice irradiated with 2 Gy gamma-rays proliferated more rapidly and the yield of CFU-GM in them were higher. (5) The mechanism of the effects of rh IL-3 in marrow hypoplastic mice might be related to the indirect promoting influences on the proliferation and/or differentiation of the radiation damaged hematopoietic progenitor cells and/or hematopoietic stem cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical and pathological characteristics in Chinese patients with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis].

We investigated pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN) in Chinese patients, During 11 years (1985-1996), 5,800 patients underwent renal biopsy in Nanjing Jinling Hospital. Eighteen patients were diagnosed as having PICGN. They were 11 women and 7 men with median age of 29 (range 10-71 years). Polyarteritis (33.3%) and polyarteritis nodosa (11.1%) were the secondary diseases. The incidence of PICGN was 0.31% in renal biopsies and 23.10% in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinically, most patients (83.3%) showed rapidly progressive nephritis with enlarged kidneys. Gross hemoturia was noted in 61.1% patients, hypertension 44.4%, nephrotic syndrome 44.4%, and oligria 33.3%. However, systemic symptoms were rare except anemia. Pathologically, we observed necrosis of glomerular capillaries (61.1%), infiltration of monocytes and neutrophil cells in glomeruli (44.4%), and vasculitis in interstitium (55.5%), in addition to glomerulosclerosis (44.4%), severe tubular atrophy (83.3%) and interstitial fibrosis (72.2%). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) was positive in 41.7%. All patients except one received intensively immunosuppressive therapy. 12 patients were subjected to long-term follow up (median 25.9, range 8-72 months). Only three patients were dialysis-dependent, while none died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of skeletal Class III malocclusion on speech articulation].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of skeletal class III malocclusion on speech articulation. The subject was twenty skeletal class III malocclusion adults. Their articulations were evaluated by phoneticians and the disordered speech sounds were analysed by computerized speech lab. It was manifested that most of the adults had misarticulations, the most common speech sound errors were consonants (zh, ch, sh, z) and the types of errors were distortion and substitution. Compared with the normal consonants acoustic analysis of the disordered ones showed that, the lower boundary frequency got down, spectrum distribution in frequency became widen, as well as the lower frequency components were enhanced. The results suggested that skeletal class III malocclusion may cause deficiency in speech production. The improvement of speech articulation should be considered when the severe skeletal discrepancy was corrected by surgical-orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Determination on the glycosyl sequence of gypenoside A by TLC-FABMS].

The glycosyl sequence of gypenoside A (A) isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino was determinated by TLC-FABMS. The gypenoside A was hydrolysed with cellulase and the hydrolysate showed eight spots on a TLC plate, and the FABMS analysis of these spots indicated they corresponded to gypenoside A, A-Rham, A-Glu, A-Rham-Glu, A-Rham-Glu, A-Glu-Glu, A-Rham-2Glu, A-Rham-2Glu in order. Two chains can be determined to be Rham-Glu, and Glu-Glu, respectively. So the glycosyl sequence of gypenoside A was identical of gypenoside XLIII.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1997

[Isolation and properties of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from an earth worm].

A novel fibrinolytic enzyme is isolated from one species of Pheretima by means of homogenizing, extracting with an extractive agent, precipitating with ammunonium sulfate, ultrafiltration and chromatography. The enzyme consists of a single chain with an M. W. of 22,000. It can not only dissolve human thrombi and fibrin directly and strongly, but also activate human plasminogen. The enzyme shows little toxic and side effects in animal tests. The activity, purity and etraction-rate of the enzyme in this report are all very high.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Progressive dysregulation of proliferation during cervical carcinogenesis as measured by MPM-2 antibody staining.

To better characterize the amount and location of loss of proliferation control during cervical carcinogenesis, 44 cervical cone biopsy specimens containing various grades of premalignant and malignant lesions and 12 normal cervix specimens were immunohistochemically examined using MPM-2. This antibody recognizes a phosphorylated epitope on a group of proteins that are preferentially phosphorylated at mitosis. The spatial organization of mitotic figures was determined using a computer-assisted image analysis system. The mitotic figure frequencies/unit of epithelial area were found to increase as the histological type progressed; the numbers of mitoses/square millimeter was 1.7 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SE) for control normal epithelium (n = 12), 3.1 +/- 1.7 for normal epithelium adjacent to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer (n = 28), 7.9 +/- 1.3 for CIN1 (n = 24), 75.8 +/- 16.3 for CIN2 (n = 11), 127.2 +/- 9.7 for CIN3 (n = 22), 196.9 +/- 33.2 for carcinoma in situ (n = 9), and 156.2 +/- 31.0 for cervical carcinoma (n = 8). The MPM-2 index was higher in high-risk premalignant lesions (i.e., those adjacent to areas of high-grade CIN and carcinoma) than it was in lower risk premalignant lesions (i.e., those with no adjacent higher grade CIN or cervical cancer), even if they exhibited the same histological grade. Moreover, the mean relative distance of the mitotic cells from the basement membrane (i.e., the distance from the basal layer to the surface) also increased as the histological grade progressed. These results suggest that proliferation becomes sequentially dysregulated both quantitatively and spatially during cervical carcinogenesis and that the MPM-2 antibody might be useful as a proliferation biomarker.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

DNA image cytometric measurement as a surrogate end point biomarker in a phase I trial of alpha-difluoromethylornithine for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) is considered a high-risk precursor of invasive cervical cancer. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a promising antiproliferative chemopreventive agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate image cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA (ICM-DNA) as a surrogate end point biomarker (SEB) in a Phase I trial of DFMO for CIN. Thirty patients with CIN 3 were treated with DFMO at five doses, ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 g/m2/day, for 1 month. Half of the patients had histological responses. Twenty-five pre- and posttreatment cervical biopsy specimens (from 11 responders and 14 nonresponders) were available for this analysis. ICM-DNA was performed on 4-micron sections cut from formalin-fixed tissue blocks and stained with a thionin-SO2 Feulgen reaction. ICM-DNAs for each case were expressed as normalized measurements (against the nuclear modal absorbance of lymphocytes) of the absorbance of each cell of interest and were presented in bar histograms. The mean normalized summed absorbance (sigma ODn) was obtained as a mean histogram of the cell population of interest. Nineteen (76%) of 25 patients had a significant decrease in sigma ODn after DFMO treatment. Posttreatment values were significantly lower than pretreatment values in a paired analysis, and responders had significantly lower values than nonresponders. Analyses of different ICM-DNA references, including percentile values of sigma ODn distribution, DNA malignancy grade, and 5c exceeding rate, showed a decrease of mean sigma ODn during DFMO treatment. In addition, the summed posttreatment sigma ODn histograms also showed progressively shorter right shoulders compared with pretreatment histograms in both responders and nonresponders. We concluded that the modulation of sigma ODn reflected the chemoprevention effect of DFMO even before morphological changes appeared, and thus, ICM-DNA may be useful as a SEB in chemoprevention trials of DFMO. Additional reasons for using ICM-DNA as a SEB are the relative simplicity of its use, the high accuracy of the results, the low cost of the reagents, the ability to use small tissue samples, and the objectivity and reproducibility of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Osteoarthritis of the pisiform-triquetral compartment. A review of eight cases of an underrecognized entity.

Seven patients (eight hands) with pain suggestive of the pisiform-triquetral compartment were studied to compare outcomes after surgical excision of the pisiform (four hands) and after conservative therapy (four hands). All patients were reevaluated by a rheumatologist who was not involved in their treatment. The efficacy of conservative therapy was mediocre in every case. Although it is reasonable to assume that the surgically-treated patients had more severe manifestations at baseline, all were free of symptoms at reevaluation, versus none of the conservatively-treated patients. After two years, excision of the pisiform yielded excellent results with no adverse effects on range of motion or grip strength. Despite the small size of our sample and the relatively low incidence of pisitriquetral osteoarthritis, our data suggest that surgery is preferable over conservative therapy in this condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effects of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy on renal infiltrating cells in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pulse methylprednisolone (MP) and monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy (MP + CTX) on renal infiltrating cells in patients with rapid progressive glomerular nephritis (RPGN). METHODS: Twelve patients with RPGN (> 50% crescents) were given MP + CTX therapy and received repeated renal biopsies within 4 to 12 weeks after MP + CTX treatment. Seven were diagnosed as type II RPGN, including one case of IgA nephropathy, 2 cases of idiopathic RPGN and 4 cases of lupus nephritis and five were diagnosed as type III RPGN, including 2 cases of idiopathic RPGN and 3 cases of vasculitis. The changes of infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-PCNA+ cell levels were determined by four PAP method in glomeruli and interstitium. RESULTS: In the patients before MP + CTX therapy, there were higher levels of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ cells (306 +/- 118 and 223 +/- 98.4Num/mm2) in renal interstitium, CD68+ cells (17.2 +/- 9.95 Num/G) in glomeruli and (1120 +/- 229 Num/mm2) in interstitium, and PCNA+ cells (7.56 +/- 3.57 Num/G) in glomeruli and (17.6 +/- 6.85 Num/mm2) in interstitium as compared with those in the patients after MP + CTX therapy (CD4+/CD8+ cells were 171 +/- 87.5/121 +/- 38.4 Num/mm2, CD68+ cells were 9.04 +/- 4.33 Num/G and 600 +/- 107 Num/mm2, and PCNA+ cells were 2.04 +/- 1.43 Num/G and 9.40 +/- 4.45 Num/mm2). These changes were associated with improving renal dysfunctions (the levels of serum creatinine and proteinuria decreased gradually from 766 +/- 356 to 284 +/- 192 mumol/L and 2.60 +/- 1.46 to 1.29 +/- 0.85 g/day). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the renal infiltrating cells may play an important role in renal injury in patients with RPGN. The effects of MP + CTX therapy on improving renal dysfunctions may partially contribute to its amelioration of infiltrating cells in renal tissues. The degrees of CD4+, CD68+, and PCNA+ cells in the kidney may be useful indicators of MP + CTX therapy for RPGN.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of freshly closed articular fractures of proximal interphalangeal joints].

Eleven fractures of the base of P2 and 8 fractures of the head of P1 were treated surgically. We review the results after a mean follow-up of 4 years 5 months. Due to their complexity is no real consensus on the treatment of P2 and various treatments were used. This series demonstrated two points: first the was no correlation between the degree of patient satisfaction and the section of digital immobilization; second, residual subluxation and/or arthrosic remodeling was frequent but was not incompatible with a good objective and subjective outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Genetic analysis of familial hypertension].

In order to study the genetic mode of familial hepertension, 63 pedigreses, including 140 nuclear pedigrees, of familial hypertension were investigated by means of pedigreed analysis and segregative analysis. Pedigreed analysis revealed that there is an evident phenomenon of vertical transmission in familial hypertension. It is hypothesed that there is a segregative ratio of dominant inheritance in A x U and A x A marital types, which is supported by segregative analysis. The data obtained suggest that the familial hypertension is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease. It is suggested that the genetic modes of familial hypertension could be different according to the different marital types of the patients. This finding suggests that the disease has a genetic heterogeneity. The research results will provide the reference evidence for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of familial hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[No point mutation of the 2.8 kb EcORI fragment of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma transforming gene TX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

We have previously cloned a nasopharyngeal carcinoma transforming gene from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 using mouse JB6 cell line as the recipient cells. This transforming gene, designated Tx, exhibits moderate transforming activity upon transfection into JB6 cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that the 2.8 kb EcoRI fragment which lies in the middle of the Tx gene is responsible for the transforming activity. The sequence of the 2.8 kb EcoRI fragment was determined, which showed striking homology with the human immunoglobulin light chain C region gene. Using the modified polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) silver staining technique, we studied the possible point mutations of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma gene Tx in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No mobility shift was detected in eleven paired cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies suggesting that in most cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the Tx gene is not activated via a mode of point mutation. Taken together with the previously obtained results we have found that the Tx gene is not activated by gene rearrangement or gene amplification. Therefore, we consider that the Tx gene may have been activated by its interaction with other regulatory factors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Monovalent cation transport: lack of structural deformation upon cation binding.

Cations often deform the structure of regulatory proteins to affect a functional response, but for other protein functions a more passive effect is desired. For instance, it is shown here that in the conductance of Na+ by the gramicidin channel there appears to be no significant structural deformation of either the side chains or backbone upon Na+ binding in the channel. This is based on 15N and 13C chemical shifts, 2H quadrupolar interactions, and 15N-2H dipolar interactions obtained by solid-state NMR spectroscopy of uniformly aligned lipid bilayer preparations of the gramicidin channel in the presence and absence of Na+. This conclusion is despite some significant changes in the 15N alpha and 13C1 chemical shift values which are argued here to be the result of indirect polarization effects upon cation binding rather than reflections of structural and dynamic changes. The lack of structural deformation implies that Na+ moves to the carbonyl oxygens lining the pore of this channel for solvation rather than the carbonyl groups moving in toward the channel axis. This forces the cations onto a helical path following the positions of the carbonyl oxygens around the channel pore. Furthermore, an ideal binding site geometry for Na+ in the channel is avoided. Instead, adequate binding energy is provided by the channel to compensate for the loss of hydration energy when the cations enter the channel. The avoidance of strong binding ensures that efficient transport of the cations through the channel can be realized.

Amino Acid Sequence↗