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Biomedical subjects

W Hacke

Publications and source records attributed to W Hacke.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A quantitative approach to measuring the cerebrospinal fluid space with CT.

A method for measuring the subarachnoid space by using an independent CT evaluation unit is described. The normal values have been calculated for patients, according to age, and three examples are presented demonstrating reversible decrease of brain volume in patients suffering anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Multi-infarct dementia under CT aspects].

Multiinfarct- or vascular dementia can primarily be defined clinically by means of the combination of intermittent neurological deficits and progressive mental deterioration. Cranial computerized tomography is not capable of proving the intellectual state, but if there is clinical appearance of mental impairment, CCT is an important aid in providing some further clues as to the etiology of the complaints.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical aspects and neurophysiology of distal ulnar nerve paralysis].

The clinical and neurophysiological findings of 26 patients with distal lesions of the ulnar nerve area presented in relation to their etiology. A useful procedure for the neurophysiological examination of patients with suspected ulnar nerve lesion is described and the great value of sensory neurography for the localisation of lesion as well as for postoperative control is emphasized. A classification of distal ulnar nerve lesions in four types according to locus of lesion is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Neurophysiologic findings in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease)].

The subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy may be diagnosed intra vitam by CT. From the pathoanatomical point of view subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy probably is related to cerebral small vessel disease, leading to lacunar state and white matter demyelination. Brainstem lacunes are rarely found by CT. But electrophysiological methods are easily employed to demonstrate brainstem dysfunction and demyelinating lesions. We now report our electrophysiological findings in 43 patients showing clinical and CT-morphological signs of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. The latencies of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in 36% of these patients were found to be significantly different from those measured in healthy persons aged more than 65 years. About 75% of the subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy patients had abnormalities of the electrically elicited blink reflex. In 26 patients blink reflex and VEP were examined. In only 6 of them the electrophysiological findings were normal.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Computed tomographic brain scanning in the diagnosis of metastatic neoplasms (author's transl)].

Clinical investigations and computed brain scanning were done in 305 patients with primary extracerebral malignant tumours. One third of the patients had cerebral metastases. In most patients with brain metastases extracerebral secondary tumours were known already. Silent brain metastases were present in only 0.6% of all investigated tumour patients. All other patients had either objective neurologic-psychiatric defects or a least symptoms (headache, vomiting). Use of cranial computed tomography in all tumour patients as a pure screening method is thus not justified. The indication for the investigation is dependent on the clinical symptomatology. However, not only objective neurologic-psychiatric defects must be taken into account, but also occurrence of new symptoms.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Sensory conduction in the syndrome of Guyon's tunnel.

The conduction velocity and potentials of the sensory part of the ulnar nerve were studied in the syndrome of Guyon's tunnel. If the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve was injured by entrapment, the sensory conduction velocity was decreased and changes in the sensory potential occurred. The conduction velocity at the forearm remained normal. This aid to diagnosis is recommended in addition to the measurement of conduction velocities in the motor branches to M. abductor digiti minimi and M. interossei dorsales.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

EEG controlled occlusion of the internal carotid artery during angiography.

It became evident in two patients during cerebral angiography that ligation of an internal carotid artery would probably be necessary in the course of a subsequent neurosurgical operation. A balloon catheter was inserted and the internal carotid artery was occluded. A continous EEG recording was made with a Fourier transformed frequency analysis before and during the occlusion; the motor functions of the corresponding side of the body were observed simultaneously on the conscious patient. EEG alterations indicative of cerebral ischemia were not demonstrated in either patient during an occlusion period of 7 min. Unilateral neurosurgical ligation of the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery was performed on one patient. As predicted no neurological deficit occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy--clinical, CT-morphological and electrophysiological findings (author's transl)].

The article reports on 38 patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE). The clinical, electrophysiological, computer tomographical and pathoanatomical findings are described and explained by means of typical examples. Intermittent and fluctuating neurological signs--often appearing at intervals of several years--as well as a slowly progressing dementia, can be a clinical indication of SAE, especially in patients who have been known to suffer from hypertension for many years. Since, however, the clinical complex of signs is usually unspecific, clinical diagnosis must be confirmed by a morphological findings. This has now become possible by making use of computerised tomography. However, it should not be overlooked that the extent of the morphological changes observed need not agree in any way with the severity of the clinical complex of signs; case histories are given in detail as examples. Since pathologico-anatomically identified severe arteriosclerotic changes of the long medullary arteries are most probably the cause of the hypoxically conditioned diffuse vacuolous demyelinisation of the medullary layer, computerised tomography yields an important indirect pointer to the condition of the cerebral vascular periphery. This additional information seems to be important in arriving at an indication for invasive diagnostic or surgical procedures relating to the vascular system.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Computer tomography in herpes simplex encephalitis. Stages in the development of CT changes (author's transl)].

The CT findings in six patients with confirmed herpes simplex encephalitis were analysed and compared with the literature. Thirty-four examinations were performed, 27 within the first 14 days of the illness. The early findings show three characteristic features: The CT may be entirely normal up to the fourth day. Consistent with clinical and E.E.G. findings there then develops a hypodense temporal lesion which, even at this stage, acts as an expanding lesion in half the patients. Between the sixth and eighth day there is frequently involvement of the contra-lateral temporal lobe, not as a continuation, but as a new lesion. At the same time, or after several days, there is involvement of the basal portions of the frontal lobes. In this later phase there may be necrosis in the basal ganglia, thalamus or other parts of the brain. The CT findings in this late phase are uniform and characteristic of the disease. For early diagnosis and treatment the early clinical, electrophysiological and neuro-radiological findings are important. A normal CT scan two days after the onset of clinical symptoms may be regarded as significant.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1981

[Comparison of the blink-reflex obtained using needle electrodes and surface electrodes (author's transl)].

The electrically released Blink-Reflex was registered on four channels simultaneously using needle- and surface-electrodes. 17 healthy volunteers were examined. The latencies of the R1-, R2- and R2'-components are comparable using both recording technics. The amplitudes of the reflex components however show great variation using as well needle- and surface electrodes. The amplitudes didn't turn out to be more stable using surface electrodes. For the clinical use this result implies that both recording technics produce comparable latencies and therefore can be used alternatively according to the special necessities of examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The pharmacological management of aggressive and autoaggressive behaviour in mentally retarded patients with melperone (author's transl)].

The results of a one year treatment with Melperone are reported. 18 mentally retarded female patients with severe aggressive and autoaggressive behaviour had been included in this open study. Six patients suffered from various epileptic seizures. A significant reduction of aggressive and autoaggressive behaviour, measured by the AFGB, was found. The activity of alkaline phosphatase showed a significant tendency towards normalisation. EEG-controls of patients with epileptic seizures showed no increase of epileptic activity in the EEG. No severe side effects were noticed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Herpes-simplex-encephalitis: a computertomographic and electroencephalographic study (author's transl)].

The development of one case of proved necrotising Herpes-simplex encephalitis (Herpes-virus hominis Typ I) will be demonstrated with the help of daily encephalographic and 5 computertomographic studies. After the appearance of periodic complexes in the EEG there could be noticed with a difference of 24 hours a beginning and further on a progressive blurred hypodensity in the CT. The maximum of the periodic activity in the EEG exactly correlated to the beginning and later expansion of the anatomo-pathological changes. No expansion of the periodic activity could be registered in other areas of the brain. Yet there was spontaneous periodic activity in different brain areas, where new regions of hypodensity would be found in the CT. The additional appearance of new periodic complexes with different localisation and the demonstration of new hypodensities in the CT during the therapy of a Herpes-simplex-encephalitis must be valued as a bad prognosis of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bioluminescence assay of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

We examined the sensitivity of bioluminescence for the determination of very low concentrations of creatine kinase brain-type subunit (CK-BB) in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid. To optimize the sensitivity of CK-isoenzyme assays and eliminate possible sources of error, we separated the isoenzyme fractions by using inhibiting anti-MM and precipitating anti-MM and anti-BB antibodies. The results with the bioluminescence assay correlated with spectrophotometric values such that r = 0.97 for the total CK activity and r = 0.98 for the CK-B activity. The reproducibility of the present method was comparable with the spectrophotometric method and was even better at low enzyme activities. The within-series precision for assay of total CK activity at 2 U/L corresponded to a CV of 9%; at 13 U/L the CV was 5.8%. All the assays were carried out at 25 degrees C. Even at this low temperature, CK activities as low as 0.2 U/L could be determined. In eight patients without any evidence of cerebral cell damage, total CK activity in cerebrospinal fluid was x = 1.05 +/- 0.6 U/L, and CK-BB activity was x = 0.7 +/- 0.4 U/L. In sera of these patients CK-BB activity was x = 0.6 +/- 0.5 U/L. Differences in CK and CK-BB activities in four patients with transient or progressive brain-cell damage are discussed.

Autoanalysis↗