Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W H Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to W H Wilson.

234 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A double-blind clinical trial of mianserin versus amitriptyline: differentiation by adverse symptomatology.

A 6-week double-blind comparison of mianserin, a new antidepressant, and amitriptyline allowed us to explore the problem of demonstrating main effect differences in drug/drug trials when the focus is primarily only upon efficacy or upon common adverse symptomatology. Statistical analyses of standard psychiatric rating scales revealed no significant treatment differences, while both treatment groups exhibited significant parallel improvement across time. Examination of treatment emergent symptoms indicated that, while it evoked fewer anticholinergic symptoms than amitriptyline, mianserin exhibited a different profile of adverse symptomatology. The usefulness of a measure of the benefit/risk ratio was described as a means of clarifying drug/drug comparisons.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute effects of viloxazine HCl and flurazepam when given alone and in combination on sleep EEG: a double-blind interaction study with normals.

Viloxazine, an aryl-oxypropanolamine type of beta-adreno-receptor antagonist, has been used in the treatment of depression. In a double-blind drug interaction study with flurazepam, a commonly used benzodiazepine hypnotic, viloxazine administered alone decreased the amount of time spent in REM sleep, increased the amount of time in the "light" stages of sleep, and increased the number of transitions to awake. However, no interactive effects of the combined administration of viloxazine and flurazepam could be detected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asymmetry of rCBF in schizophrenia: relationship to AP-gradient and duration of illness.

This article examines patients with schizophrenia and controls to determine whether asymmetry and anteroposterior (AP) gradient of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are related to duration of illness, and whether they are themselves correlated. CBF was measured with the 133xenon inhalation technique in 108 patients and 108 age-matched and gender-matched controls while the subjects were at rest. Two sets of analyses were performed. The first analyses indicated AP-gradient to be reduced in patients, and hemispheric asymmetry scores to be different from controls only in the temporal area. The second set of analyses were based on two groups of 27 patients, selected to represent extremes on duration of illness (less than 5 and greater than 12 years) and equal numbers of age-matched and gender-matched controls. These analyses revealed patients of both short and long duration of illness to have significantly greater temporal asymmetry, whereas only long-duration patients had significant AP-gradient relative to both controls and short-duration patients. Regression analyses from each data set found AP-gradient to be related to duration of illness, whereas temporal asymmetry was not, temporal asymmetry and AP-gradient were not correlated. These results suggest AP-gradient and temporal asymmetry may reflect independent processes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A retrospective study of the concept of spirituality as understood by recovering individuals.

In 62 individuals recovering from substance abuse, materialism and spiritualism and cognitive patterns were quantified, before (retrospectively) and after recovery with the Mathew Materialism Spiritualism Scale (MMSS) and a Cognitive Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). MMSS was also administered once to 61 general controls. Recovering individuals showed highly significant prerecovery to postrecovery increases in spirituality on most subscales of MMSS and changes in cognitive patterns. Sixteen controls who met the criteria for alcoholism on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST-positive) were separated from the others. Prerecovery MMSS scores did not differentiate the recovering individuals from MAST-positive controls. However, the prerecovery MMSS scores obtained by recovering individuals were significantly lower than the scores obtained by the MAST-negative controls. On the other hand, after recovery, recovering individuals showed higher MMSS spirituality scores in comparison to MAST-positive controls. The only MMSS item that differentiated recovering individuals after recovery from MAST-negative controls was mysticism with the recovering group obtaining higher scores.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A family study of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder following rape trauma.

There is evidence that familial factors serve as determinants of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially familial anxiety. This study investigates the relationship between chronic PTSD and family psychiatric morbidity. The sample was drawn from 81 female rape survivors with or without lifetime PTSD, 31 major depressive disorder controls, 20 anxiety disorder controls and 39 healthy controls. First-degree family members were directly interviewed (n = 285) and diagnoses assigned of major depressive, anxiety and alcohol or substance use disorder. Information was also available by family history for 639 relatives. In the directly interviewed sample, no consistently increased morbidity risk was observed for anxiety, PTSD, or alcohol/substance abuse in the rape survivor groups, but there was an increase in depression relative to the anxiety in healthy control groups. When comorbid depression in rape survivor probands was taken into account post hoc, an increased risk for depression was noted in family members of PTSD probands with depression, but not in relatives of PTSD probands without lifetime depression. Among rape survivor probands with non-comorbid PTSD, rates by history of familial anxiety and depression were negligible. In a logistic regression analysis, individual vulnerability to depression served as an independent predictor of chronic PTSD, along with specific trauma-related variables. In the family history group, results were consistent with those obtained from the directly interviewed group. Our findings clearly support the view that PTSD following rape is associated with familial vulnerability to major depression, which may thus serve as a risk factor for developing PTSD. The exact nature of this predisposition calls for further inquiry and there is a need to expand this study to include other PTSD populations. PTSD may on occasion represent a form of depression which is induced and/or modified neurobiologically and phenomenologically by extreme stress. Our findings may be a reflection of the sample composition, the current conceptualization of PTSD, or be related to study limitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caffeine induced changes in cerebral circulation.

While the caffeine induced cerebral vasoconstriction is well documented, the effects of oral ingestion of the drug in a dose range comparable to the quantities in which it is usually consumed and the intensity and duration of the associated reduction in cerebral circulation are unknown. Cerebral blood flow was measured via the 133Xenon inhalation technique before and thirty and ninety minutes after the oral administration of 250 mg of caffeine or a placebo, under double-blind conditions. Caffeine ingestion was found to be associated with significant reductions in cerebral perfusion thirty and ninety minutes later. The placebo group showed no differences between the three sets of cerebral blood flow values.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with ethanol intoxication.

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured via the 133Xenon inhalation technique in 26 healthy volunteers before and 60 minutes after the oral administration of ethyl alcohol or placebo on a double-blind basis. The cerebral blood flow values, corrected for test-retest differences in carbon dioxide showed a significant bilateral increase after ethanol administration. Blood levels of ethanol, estimated with a breath analyser, did not correlate with the CBF changes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combination chemotherapy followed by an immunotoxin (anti-B4-blocked ricin) in patients with indolent lymphoma: results of a phase II study.

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the antitumor effects of a combination chemotherapy program based on ProMACE (prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cyclophosphamide, etoposide) followed by a B cell-specific immunotoxin in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage indolent histology non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We performed a prospective phase II clinical trial in a referral-based patient population. After confirmation of diagnosis and staging evaluation, 44 patients (10 small lymphocytic lymphoma, 27 follicular lymphoma, 7 mantle cell lymphoma; 30 without prior therapy, 14 previously treated) received six cycles of ProMACE-CytaBOM (cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine [Oncovin], mechlorethamine) combination chemotherapy (with etoposide given orally daily for five days) followed by a 7-day continuous infusion of anti-B4-blocked ricin immunotoxin at 30 microg/kg/day given every 14 days for up to six cycles. A complete response was achieved in 25 of 44 patients (57%), 21 from the chemotherapy alone, 3 converted from partial to complete response with the immunotoxin, and 1 patient became a complete responder after a surgical procedure to remove an enlarged spleen that was histologically negative for lymphoma. With a median follow-up of 5 years, 14 of 25 complete responders have relapsed (56%); median remission duration was 2 years, and overall survival was 61%. Forty-two percent of the complete responders have been in continuous remission for more than 4 years. The median number of courses of immunotoxin delivered was two usually because of the development of human anti-ricin antibodies. ProMACE-CytaBOM plus anti-B4-blocked ricin does not produce durable complete remissions in the majority of patients with indolent lymphoma. However, the remissions appear quite durable (> 4 years) in about 40% of the complete responders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A psychotherapeutic approach to task-oriented groups of severely ill patients.

This paper presents a conceptual approach for leading various types of groups of chronically mentally ill patients. Although these groups may have a concrete, task-oriented purpose, with skillful leadership they also function as psychotherapy groups. The developmental deficits in ego functions, object relations, and social skills that severely impair such groups can be compensated by non-interpretative actions of the therapists. The group leader must actively work to provide for the structure, stability, and safety of the group when group members are unable to provide these for themselves.

Adult↗