Interpreting the female excess among births to women with adverse chemical or occupational exposures.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W H James.
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The present study examined the relationship between gender and drug-use among adolescents using diagnostic assessments and biochemical analyses of urine samples. The data were collected in the context of a referral and assessment program for adolescents suspected of using drugs, using the Adolescent Substance Battery [1]. A six-month random sample of 20 percent of adolescents assessed for drug use were targeted for biochemical assay. Compliance for urine delivery was relatively high at 91 percent. Urine samples were quantitatively screened for pharmaceuticals using a standard thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique [2]. Statistical significance was found in the relationship between gender and marijuana use (p < .05). This study confirms that gender and drug-using behaviors among adolescents need additional research and evaluation.
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The strongly male-biased sex ratios of probands with polydactyly and of their unaffected sibs suggests that abnormal maternal hormone levels may be involved in this malformation. This suspicion is supported by data relating polydactyly to maternal age and race. High maternal testosterone seems capable of explaining the (admittedly limited) epidemiological data on polydactyly. If this were so, one may predict that offspring risk would be higher in respect of affected mothers than affected fathers.
Some comments are made on two hypotheses on the variation of mammalian sex ratios (proportions male) at birth viz. Krackow's developmental asynchrony hypothesis and my parental hormone hypothesis. It seems not unfair to characterise his hypothesis as functioning to support the conventional Mendelian paradigm. In contrast, if my hypothesis were true, some adjustment would have to be made to that paradigm. Here I suggest further ways of testing Krackow's hypothesis experimentally. In contrast, my own hypothesis seems to lend itself also to testing by epidemiological methods; here it is suggested that the offspring sex ratios of several specified categories of ill men should be low.