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Biomedical subjects

W Grisold

Publications and source records attributed to W Grisold.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pulmonary meningioma. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features.

Two cases of solitary primary pulmonary tumors showing the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of meningothelial meningiomas are presented. The benign clinical and radiologic course, the negative computed tomography scan of the brain (case 1), and negative neuropathologic investigation (case 2) support the diagnosis of a primary pulmonary meningioma rather than a metastazing malignant intracranial meningioma. Negative neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, bombesin) and the lack of neurosecretory granules by electron microscopy confirm the diagnosis of this rare pulmonary tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The startle response and epilepsy].

Startle responses (SR) are described as epileptic and non-epileptic attacks and their mechanisms are poorly understood. Long-loop reflexes and a satisfactory response to L-tryptophan treatment have only seldom been published in this condition. This prompted us to report a case with epilepsy and startle-induced tonic spasms, the latter refractory to all conventional medication except for L-tryptophan. Special emphasis is placed on the electrophysiological findings. Similar observations of non-habituation of SR in post-anoxic brain damage and in the case of startle epilepsy possibly suggest a deficit of cortical inhibition, probably in the supplementary motor area, rather than brain stem dysfunction in both instances.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral nerve involvement in the Rett syndrome.

Clinical and neurophysiological studies were performed on 4 girls aged 9 to 19 years with the Rett syndrome (RS) (stages II and III). In addition to constant foot deformity (pes planus) and brisk tendon reflexes in the lower limbs, they showed muscular atrophy of the calves and mild atrophy of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. Motor NCVs were within normal values for age, but distal latencies in two girls and compound action potential in one were abnormal, suggesting mild distal, predominantly motor neuropathy. The upper limbs showed nothing abnormal except for mild hand deformities. Neuropathology in 2 autopsy cases (aged 11 and 17 years, stage IV) and sural nerve biopsies in three girls aged 2, 3 and 17 years, all clinical stage II-III without inanition, revealed mild distal axonopathy without demyelination. Selected axons in sural nerve of a girl aged 17 and in the dental pulp of a girl aged 9, both at clinical stage II, showed increased numbers of neurofilaments. Skeletal muscle in two girls aged 11 and 17 years (both stage IV) exhibited mild alterations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum with occasional disordered myofibrils and tubular structures in the Z-filaments, but no neurogenic atrophy or abnormal mitochondria. The reported data do not support spinal denervation (motor neuron degeneration) in RS, but suggest late onset denervation due to mild distal axonopathy of hitherto unknown origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials as a prognostic indicator for motor recovery in stroke patients.

Transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (MEP) were examined in 33 patients within three days after stroke. Normal values for MEP and motor central conduction time (CCT) were obtained in 46 healthy controls whose MEPs were evaluated during slight voluntary muscle contraction and at rest. Two months later 23 patients were re-examined clinically and electrophysiologically. Motor function change was correlated with MEP results. Two months after stroke the patients with normal or prolonged CCT had an improved motor function compared with those with absent CCT. MEP may be a valuable prognostic indicator in the acute stage of paralytic stroke for recovery of motor function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Infantile form of nemaline (rod inclusion) myopathy].

This paper reports the first Austrian case of infantile nemaline myopathy in a girl aged 19 years, presenting with congenital skeletal dysplasia, reduced body weight and slowly progressive limb girdle muscular atrophy, myopathic face and difficulty in swallowing. Electromyography revealed a combination of myopathic and neurogenic lesions, while electron microscopy of a muscle biopsy established the diagnosis. The patient's mother and two elder brothers showed no clinical features of the disease, but neurophysiological abnormalities were present, indicating an asymptomatic form of illness. The aetiology and pathogenesis of nemaline myopathy are unknown, but neurogenic factors cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reactivity of circulating antineuronal antibodies (CANA) on peripheral nervous system structures.

The appearance of circulating antineuronal antibodies (CANA) in patients with malignant tumors has been correlated with the occurrence of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. However, the effect of CANA on the peripheral nervous system is poorly understood. The reactivity of sera from CANA-positive and -negative patients were investigated on cryostat sections of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle, and on nerve tease-fiber preparations. Only CANA-positive sera showed staining of Schwann cell nuclei on cryostat sections, whereas nerve tease-fiber preparations and sections of skeletal muscle remained negative. Positive direct immunofluorescence of small cell lung cancer (SCLS) cells was confined to CANA-positive patients only. These findings suggest the existence of a common antigen between SCLC and Schwann cells.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1988

Transcranial Dopplersonography of the vertebro-basilar system.

This is the first investigation of distances, angles and locations of the vascular system in the posterior fossa. The distances from the skin surface of the neck, where a Doppler probe is positioned for transforaminal insonation, to the brainsystem have been measured in sagittal MRI pictures. The mean distance from the insonation point to the beginning of the basilar artery (BA) is 66.6 mm in males, 58.8 in females. The distance to the end of the BA is 90.0 and 80.4, respectively. These distances are relevant for locating the vertebral and basilar arteries. The insonation angles to the VA and BA range from 20 degrees to 30 degrees. Correlations with Doppler findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Circulating antineuronal antibodies in small cell lung cancer.

Antibodies directed against neuronal cells were found in the serum of 10 out of 27 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by means of an indirect immunofluorescent test. Positive staining was found either in nuclei of neurons with sparing of nucleoli or in the cytoplasm only. Antibodies belonged to IgG or IgM. A comparison with a control group of 60 patients yielded a high specificity of the circulating antibodies for SCLC. Contrary to recent reports, we were not able to confirm an association between the existence of circulating antibodies against neurons and the incidence of neurologic paraneoplastic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antineuronal antibodies in small cell lung carcinoma--a significance for paraneoplastic syndromes?

In recent years a cause-effect relationship between the existence of circulating antineuronal antibodies (CANA) and neurological paraneoplastic syndromes has been described by several authors suggesting specifity of such antibodies for paraneoplastic syndromes. The present study is a systematic approach to elucidate the significance of CANA in tumor patients. Forty patients with biopsy-proven small cell cancer of the lung (SCLC) were compared to 70 non-SCLC patients and 20 controls in respect to clinical and neurophysiological findings. CANA were found in 17 patients with SCLC. However, only one of these patients with SCLC and positive CANA displayed a sensory neuropathy of the Denny-Brown type, which appeared to be unrelated to CANA titers and oncological course. Contrary to recent reports, we were not able to confirm an association between the existence of CANA and an increased incidence of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. These data suggest that the antineuronal antibodies appear to be specific for SCLC, but are not necessarily related to paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Acute myelomonocytic and monoblastic leukemia with polyradicular symptoms].

Meningeal leukaemia, developed in 4 female patients with M4 or M5 leukaemia during a period of haematological remission. Polyradicular symptoms and signs dominated neurologically, but 3 patients also exhibited cranial nerve palsies. The neurological findings showed no reversal following intrathecal chemotherapy with normalization of liquor cytology. Patchy demyelinization in the region of the anterior spinal roots and of the proximal segments of the affected cranial nerves were responsible for the neurological features. Peripherally located streaky demyelinization of the olfactory bulb and of the optic chiasm were not found to cause any neurological manifestations.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1985

Multifocal neuropathy with vasculitis in hypereosinophilic syndrome. An entity or drug-induced effect?

A 56-year-old male with a 2-year history of bronchial asthma, together with pulmonary infiltration and marked eosinophilia, developed a subacute multifocal sensorimotor neuropathy. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated both multifocal and generalized nerve involvement. Sural nerve and muscle biopsies revealed axonal degeneration with almost complete loss of myelinated fibres, lymphomononuclear vasculitis of interstitial vasa nervorum without eosinophils, and neurogenic atrophy of muscle without angiitis. Although eosinophilia decreased drastically with corticosteroid treatment, neuropathy rapidly progressed to total disability. The patient died from pulmonary embolism 4 months after the onset of neurological signs. Autopsy disclosed vasculitis of epineurial vessels of peripheral nerves and severe axonal neuropathy, particularly of the lower limbs, without vasculitis or other inflammatory lesions in any other organ system, including the lungs. Retrospective analysis revealed that the onset of pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia coincided with the administration of cromolyn sodium (Intal), which is known to produce PIE syndrome (pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia), vasculitis and allergic granulomatosis, while multifocal neuropathy with vasculitis appears not to have been reported in connection with this substance.

Biopsy↗