Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Graninger

Publications and source records attributed to W Graninger.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the cephalosporins].

Apart from their antimicrobial activity pattern the cephalosporins differ by their pharmacokinetics. Most cephalosporins have a plasma half life of 30 to 120 minutes. Only ceftriaxon has a half life of about 8 hours, which implicates extended dose intervals. Cephalosporins are excreted renally. Cefoperazone and ceftriaxon, however, are excreted with the bile up to 30%. Cefalotin, cefacetril and cefotaxime are metabolized to a significant degree. Only the main-metabolite of cefotaxime shows mentionable antimicrobial activity. With regard to renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance greater than 5 ml/min) dose reduction is not necessary with cefoperazone and with ceftriaxon because of hepatic excretion and with cefotaxime because of metabolism.

Bile↗
PubMed1983

Gentamicin monitoring in low-birth-weight newborns.

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in premature newborns is influenced by many noncalculable variables. Nevertheless, and despite its narrow therapeutic range, this aminoglycoside antibiotic is usually prescribed according to a fixed schedule. Gentamicin was monitored in 22 severely sick, low-birth-weight newborns on combination therapy of various antibiotics including gentamicin. Dosage regimen of gentamicin was prescribed according to Eichenwald and McCracken [1978]. Serum gentamicin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay before infusion, 30 min after, and 3 h after infusion of the antibiotic. In 22 prematures desirable serum gentamicin concentrations with a mean elimination half-life (t 1/2) of 5.3 h; in 2 prematures, levels with a mean t 1/2 of 2.3 h; in 7 prematures, possible toxic levels with a mean t 1/2 of 8.3 h; and in 2 prematures, definite toxic levels with a prolonged t 1/2 up to 17 h were observed. Most of the prematures with possible or definite toxic gentamicin levels were not older than 1 week. This is explained by the immaturity of the kidneys and the retention of aminoglycosides. A satisfactory correlation between postnatal age and gentamicin elimination half-life was found, which might be caused by postnatal maturation of the glomerular function. In prematures in the 1st postnatal week we recommend reducing the daily dose by prolonging the dosage interval, e.g., from 12 to 18 h, or reducing the single gentamicin doses. Gentamicin monitoring seems advisable for detecting toxic serum concentrations and accumulation and for revealing an insufficient dosage of this aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Amikacin levels in human aqueous humor.

Amikacin is one of the newer aminoglycoside antibiotics. The penetration of amikacin into the human primary aqueous humor after intramuscular application was investigated. Comparing our results with reports concerning the blood aqueous permeability of gentamicin and tobramycin we could not find any significantly better penetration of amikacin into the human aqueous humor after i.m. injection. The advantage of amikacin lies in its effectiveness against bacteria resistant to other aminoglycosides.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia--initial results in 8 patients].

8 young patients (aged 11 to 23 years) with severe aplastic anaemia received bone marrow grafts from their HLA-identical, MLC-non reactive siblings. All patients had received repeated transfusions previously and had been unsuccessfully treated with corticosteroids (7 out of the 8 patients) and/or anabolic drugs (4 out of the 8 patients). In order to prevent graft rejection 5 patients received donor buffy coat cells after the marrow infusion and 3 patients underwent total body irradiation with 400 rad prior to the marrow transplantation. 5 patients are alive, 3 patients died. Death occurred from Candida septicaemia (day 4 after transplantation), left ventricular failure (day 14) and graft versus host reaction of the gut (day 85). The 5 living patients are in a very good state of health 30 to 166 days after transplantation. 4 patients already have normal blood cell counts. 2 of the surviving patients developed a transient GVH-reaction of the liver. One patient had a mild GVH-reaction of the skin on day 130.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Gluten-sensitive enteropathy and intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (author's transl)].

The case report is presented of a patient with gluten sensitive enteropathy who subsequently developed an intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. When steatorrhoea or diarrhoea develops in a patient with abdominal lymphoma, these symptoms are often attributed to progression of the lymphoma or to chemotherapy of the lymphoma. Since there is an established relationship between gluten-sensitive enteropathy and intestinal lymphoma, the differential diagnosis of steatorrhoea or diarrhoea developing in the course of malignant intestinal lymphoma must include gluten-sensitive enteropathy as well. In the investigation for gluten-sensitive enteropathy HLA typing can be used as a screening test in addition to routine malabsorption tests and small bowel biopsy

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Circulating immune cells and immune complexes in peripheral blood of healthy and of bovine leukemia virus-infected cows and lymphosarcomatous calves.

The peripheral blood (lymphocytes and immune complexes (IC) from 20 healthy cows, 5 healthy calves, 10 bovine leukemia virus-infected cows and 4 lymphosarcomatous calves was investigated using 4 different immunological techniques. A highly significant increase in the percentage of surface immunoglobulin (SIg)-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes of persistent lymphocytosis-cows could be demonstrated while the percentage was decreased in the lymphosarcomatous calves. Percentages of spontaneous sheep red blood cells(SRBC)-rosettes (E-rosettes) were not elevated. Antibodies to bovine leukemia virus-antigen were detected in the sera (immuno-diffusion test) of all the leukotic cows but not of the lymphosarcomatous calves. Although there seems to be an increased level of IC in the advanced stage, as compared to the beginning of the disease, there was no statistically significant difference in comparison with the control individuals. In the lymphosarcomatous calves as well as in the leukemic cows there was no statistical difference in the IC values between diseased animals and controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Systemic candidiasis complicating bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia. Case report.

A 17-year-old male patient with aplastic anemia underwent bone marrow transplantation and succumbed 4 days after marrow infusion from sudden myocardial failure. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) had accompanied the patients course from admission until death. The cause of death was fungus myocarditis, which had escaped detection in vivo, in spite of a daily culture program for bacteria and fungi, and a close monitoring of the patients circulation and ventricular performance. Commonly applied diagnostic criteria for systemic mycosis, such as topical colonization, malfunction of invaded organs and positive fungus cultures failed to provide a timely diagnosis. With regard to the problems in diagnosing systemic mycosis, the potential stem cell toxicity of antifungal drugs and the need for immunosuppressive therapy prior to marrow infusion, we strongly recommend not to start the transplantation procedure unless FUO has been treated successfully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Diabetes therapy with continuous insulin infusion by a portable pump: metabolic effects of short-term treatment and long-term results in problem patients].

In the present study the influence of a near normoglycemic state induced by continuous insulin infusion on various factors possibly involved in the pathophysiology of late diabetic complications was studied in 9 insulin-dependent diabetics. The application of a two-week continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII) resulted in a normalisation of lipoprotein- and apolipoprotein fractions, whereas the in vivo platelet function remained unchanged. The low-T3-syndrome associated with an insufficient metabolic control in diabetics disappeared under the CIVII-treatment. The long-term effect of subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) administered by portable pumps was evaluated in 14 diabetic patients with different clinical problems or complications. Although the metabolic control and the daily life conditions improved significantly in these patients, nevertheless the pump treatment should be restricted at the present time to diabetics, who cannot be sufficiently controlled by conventional insulin therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Chronic lymphatic leukemia of B-cell type: clinical and morphological investigations for diagnostic differentiation (author's transl)].

Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL was diagnosed in 71 patients based on clinical data. Most of the patients were in the stages 0, I and II, only 18% were in the stages III and IV according to Rai. In all cases, the disease was characterized by an increased number of B lymphocytes (B-CLL). The B cells mostly expressed a weak fluorescence intensity when tested for membrane bound immunoglobulins (Ig). In accordance to that, the quantitative measurement of Ig in the serum revealed a decrease of one or more Ig classes in 72% of the patients. No correlation existed between the number of b lymphocytes (and T lymphocytes) or the Ig concentration in the serum and the stage of the disease. To distinguish the CLL from related lymphoproliferative disorders, especially the immunocytic lymphoma, lymph node biopsies were examined histologically and immunomorphologically for intracytoplasmic Ig. This examination confirmed the diagnosis of CLL in 33 out of 40 cases. Six lymph nodes were classified as immunocytic lymphoma of the lymphoplasmacytoid type. In three of the latter, the immunocytic lymphoma was clinically associated with decreased Ig concentrations in the serum. These findings emphasize that the clinically established diagnosis of CLL should be corroborated by immunomorphology.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Infection in patients with hepatic coma (author's transl)].

66 patients with hepatic coma were treated from 1972 to 1979 in the intensive care unit. Incidence and etiology of bacterial infections in these patients were evaluated retrospectively. Bacterial cultures were positive in a high proportion of the cases investigated as compared to the situation on a normal ward. Bacterial cultures were performed in 51 patients (77.3%); cultures from 35 patients were positive. Gramnegative bacteria accounted for 56.4%, grampositive bacteria for 34.8% and candida albicans for 8.8% of all the cases. It is pointed out, that invasive diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvers in intensive care patients carry a high risk of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Is endogenous creatinine clearance a sound basis for estimation of elimination half life of gentamicin?].

The elimination half life of gentamicin after intravenous administration of 80 mg of Refobacin was determined experimentally in 24 patients with normal and variably reduced renal function in the agar diffusion test. Experimentally found elimination half lives were compared to values determined from the creatinine clearance. Although there was good correlation between both parameters, satisfactory agreement between experimentally determined and calculated half life was found only in patients with normal or slightly reduced renal function. With decreasing creatinine clearance the calculated value was constantly bigger than the measured value, and the range of both values increased. Gentamicin treatment in patients with grossly decreased renal function should thus be performed under control of serum levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Developments in the serological diagnosis of malignant diseases].

The present study gives an evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), macrophage electrophoretic mobility test (MEM), sialyltransferase, galactosyltransferase isoenzyme (SGT), ribonuclease and reverse transcriptase as diagnostic aids in malignant diseases. CEA and sialyltransferase are of certain value in the monitoring of cancer, as their values in the serum may rise before progression of disease or relapse. Both tests are not reliable parameters in the early diagnosis of malignancy. Our results with regard to the MEM test have not proved in any way useful in the diagnosis of cancer. Our preliminary results appear to indicate that, provided further simplification of the method can be achieved, SGT isoenzyme determination seems to be a better means of diagnosing cancer. In view of inherent-methodological difficulties reverse transcriptase has, at present, no clinical application in the diagnosis of cancer.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

[Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and therapeutic effect of trimethoprim-sulfametrol-infusions (author's transl)].

Lidaprim was administered as infusion to 6 healthy volunteers for 10 days in an interval of 12 hours for calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Furthermore 31 patients with various severe infectious diseases were treated for 5-27 days with 2 or 3 infusions daily. Local tolerance was excellent. Side effects were observed only in 1 patient, who developed a rash. The cumulation equilibrium is reached for trimethoprim and also for total and free sulfonamide on the 3rd day. The clinical results were excellent: 22 of the 31 patients with severe infectious diseases could be cured.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

[Use of monomeric trains in diagnosis of twins (author's transl)].

The principle of estimating the probability of monozygosity based on Bayes' formula is outlined for tweins with unknown parental genotypes. Tables based on Austrian gene frequencies are given for the common blood groups for easy computing of the chance of monozygosity.

Austria↗
PubMed1980

[Autoimmunhemolytic anemia in infancy (author's transl)].

Autoimmunhemolytic anemia in childhood can be divided into two main groups according to the length of the illness: an acute, transient form and a chronic, prolonged one. The etiopathology of the illness is still unknown. It is most postable that there is a connection with virus infections, whereby the antibodies, appearing within the framework of an immunological reaction, are to be considered as a secondary response to the infection. It could not, unfortunately, be proved in the case of our patient that there had been a virus infection. The role of immunodefects in the case of the acute form is currently being discussed in the more recent literature and the point als made that genetic defects are possible in the connection.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗