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Biomedical subjects

W Graninger

Publications and source records attributed to W Graninger.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

In vitro drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Acre, Brazil.

In Acre, the westernmost state of Brazil in the Amazon region, the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was determined in vitro by the Rieckmann microtechnique. The study was performed between January and June 1987; the in vitro parasite responses to all antimalarial drugs were determined according to the recommendations of WHO. Of 83 isolates of P. falciparum, all were sensitive to mefloquine and of 87 isolates of P. falciparum, 84 (97%) were sensitive to quinine. The EC50 for mefloquine was 0.27 mumol/l and for quinine 4.60 mumol/l. In contrast, 65 of 89 (73%) and 70 of 83 (84%) isolates were resistant to amodiaquine and chloroquine, respectively; 11 isolates even grew at 6.4 mumol chloroquine/l. The EC50 for amodiaquine was 0.34 mumol/l and for chloroquine 0.73 mumol/l. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance was seen in 23 of 25 (92%) cases. These data clearly indicate that in the western part of the Amazon region the 4-aminoquinolines, as well as sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, can no longer be recommended for the treatment of P. falciparum infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The prognostic value of plasmaproteins in patients with abdominal sepsis.

In the course of the history of patients with severe peritonitis, opsonins, complements and other proteins of the plasma showed no significant difference between the data of the patients who later died or survived. We conclude that simple parameters like platelet count, creatinine and respiratory function are more sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hypothermia in Hodgkin's disease after exploratory laparotomy.

Hypothermia is a rare complication of unknown origin in Hodgkin's disease which has been reported after the administration of antineoplastic agents, chlorpromazine and paracetamol. We report a highly febrile patient with stage IV-B Hodgkin's disease of mixed cellularity type who underwent exploratory laparotomy. Because of suspected septic shock high-dose prednisolone was given during surgery. Postoperatively the patient's body temperature fell progressively to 32.9 degrees C and remained at less then 35.5 degrees C for the following 5 days. There seems to be some functional disorder of thermoregulation in Hodgkin's disease. Physical factors during surgery or certain drugs, especially cytotoxics, corticosteroids, anesthetics or antipyretics may lead to prolonged hypothermia.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1988

[Hemorheology and acute phase reaction following thrombendarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery].

In 39 patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses of the internal carotid artery thrombendarterectomy was performed. Hemorheological properties and plasma protein levels were studied pre- and postoperatively over a period of 14 days. In comparison to age-matched healthy controls preoperative plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were significantly elevated. After surgical trauma there was an increase in fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin, whereas alpha-2-macroglobulin, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G decreased significantly. Plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, red cell filterability, fibronectin and immunoglobulin M remained unchanged. We conclude that our patients showed a non specific chronic "hematological stress syndrome" with raised acute phase reactants and corresponding hemorheological changes preoperatively; despite postoperative acute phase reaction no further deterioration of the rheological parameters could be observed; this might be caused by a decrease of plasma proteins with high frictional ratios compensating the increase of acute phase proteins. Besides, tissue damage and consecutive acute phase reaction in carotid arterial surgery seem to be of relatively minor degree.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Alternative promoters and exons, somatic mutation and deregulation of the Bcl-2-Ig fusion gene in lymphoma.

The most common translocation in human lymphoma, the t(14;18)(q32;q21), generates heterogeneous 4.2-7.2 kb Bcl-2-immunoglobulin (Ig) chimeric mRNAs resulting from alternative Bcl-2 5' exons and varied Ig 3' untranslated regions (UT). The normal human Bcl-2 gene has a three exon structure with an untranslated first exon, a facultative 220 bp intron I, but an enormous 370 kb intron II. S1 protection and primer extension analysis defined initiation sites in exon II associated with classic promoter elements and a decanucleotide (ATG-CAAAGCA) homologous with Ig variable region enhancers. Multiple initiation sites were also found in a GC-rich region with Sp1 binding motifs in exon I. Most t(14;18) breakpoints cluster within the 3' UT of Bcl-2 implicating that event in gene deregulation. The Bcl-2 gene introduced into the Ig constant (C gamma) locus of SU-DHL-6 displayed somatic mutation. While Bcl-2--Ig mRNAs demonstrated an unaltered 2.5 h half-life, the Bcl-2--Ig gene revealed an inappropriately high rate of transcription for a mature B-cell. This indicates the translocated Bcl-2 allele has escaped normal control mechanisms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

In-vitro activity of fleroxacin.

Fleroxacin is a new synthetic fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial agent. The in-vitro activity of fleroxacin and five comparative quinolones against 541 clinical isolates was studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of fleroxacin were less than or equal to 2.0 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8.0 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1.0 mg/l for Acinetobacter calcoaceficis and 8 mg/l for streptococci. The activity of fleroxacin was comparable with that of ofloxacin, pefloxacin and norfloxacin, but less than that of ciprofloxacin. All quinolones showed little difference between MIC and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs).

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Prevention of stress hemorrhage in an internal medicine intensive care station: sucralfate versus ranitidine].

Stress ulcer bleeding is a serious complication of critical illness and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. For the prophylaxis of stress ulcers, antacids, H2-blockers, or sucralfate are prescribed. While H2-blockers inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, sucralfate appears to provide protection without reducing levels of gastric acid. Inhibition of acid secretion increases gastric pH, allowing bacterial overgrowth of the stomach by Gram negative bacteria, which colonize the pharynx and trachea and increase the risk of nosocomial pneumonia. For this reason, H2 blockers appear disadvantageous, though they offer adequate prophylaxis for stress ulcer bleeding. As it does not increase gastric pH, sucralfate provides adequate protection against Gram negative gastric overgrowth, however its prophylactic efficacy is not generally accepted. Therefore, we compared the H2-blocker ranitidine to sucralfate in the prophylactic treatment of stress ulcer bleeding and studied the incidence of positive bacteriological findings in the blood and bronchial secretions of the two groups. In a randomized study, 84 patients undergoing general intensive care received either ranitidine (6 x 50 to 6 x 100 mg daily i.v.) or sucralfate (6 x 1 g via gastric tube or per os). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, underlying disorders, and factors predisposing to the development of stress ulcers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus--data and considerations].

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is viewed as a prototype of generalized autoimmune disease. The causes and mechanisms of inflammatory damage to various organ systems are not known. In this article, we will try to conceive a synopsis of existing hypotheses from the literature and our own data in order to project directions for further research. The use of the methods of modern biotechnology promises further insights into details of the genetic predisposition to this disease as well as into environmental factors that lead to disordered immunoregulation and organ damage.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1988

[Bacteriuria].

Bacteriuria remains the most important sign of urinary tract infection. A standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection requires a standard period of urine collection (4 hours), the correct collection of specimens, the determination of the number of bacteria by appropriate media (dipslide) and of urinary leucocytes. Test strips cannot replace the microscopy of the sediment. The therapeutic consequences result from the localization of the infection, the duration of treatment of cystitis is 1 to 4 days, of pyelonephritis 10 to 14 days.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

[Energy metabolism in patients with severe heart failure].

Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry in 11 patients (8 men, 3 women) with severe heart failure. The study was done after an over night fast (10-12 h). 5 patients suffered from idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 5 patients from coronary heart disease and 1 patient from congestive heart failure following from viral myocarditis. The cardiac index was 2.09 +/- 0.5 l/min/m2, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 24.6 +/- 8.0 mm Hg. Resting energy expenditure was 1.175 +/- 0.176 kcal/min/1.73 m2. The basal energy expenditure calculated according to Harris and Benedict was 1.008 +/- 0.055 kcal/min/1.73 m2. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Respiratory quotient was 0.775 +/- 0.06 as a result of a high oxidation rate for fat (64.8% of total energy expenditure). These results show that after an overnight fast the caloric requirements of patients with severe heart failure are increased. This increased energy expenditure could be an explanation for the malnutrition often found in patients with severe chronic heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Detection of primary aldosteronism using the captopril test].

In order to evaluate whether changes in the plasma concentration of aldosterone (PA) following the administration of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, will establish the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism we have used this test in 9 healthy subjects and in 22 patients with various forms of hypertension, including 5 patients with primary aldosteronism due to idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (n = 4) or aldosterone-producing adenoma (n = 1). The response of PA to captopril (25 mg orally) was investigated on an outpatient basis, following a rest period of 120 minutes in the supine position. In healthy subjects PA decreased from a mean basal value of 11.5 +/- 5.9 ng/dl to less than 6.4 ng/dl (4.9 +/- 1.4 ng/dl [p less than 0.01]). Similarly, captopril induced a fall in PA concentration to less than 6.4 ng/dl in patients with essential hypertension, with renal artery stenosis or with an afunctional kidney. Post-captopril concentrations of plasma aldosterone were about twice the normal level in 3 of 4 patients with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia and about four-fold raised above normal in the patient with an aldosterone-producing adenoma. In spite of a false-negative result in one patient with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, the administration of captopril appears to be of use in recognizing patients with primary aldosteronism on an outpatient basis.

Adenoma↗