Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Graham

Publications and source records attributed to W Graham.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Technetium-99m-labeled chemotactic peptides: comparison with indium-111-labeled white blood cells for localizing acute bacterial infection in the rabbit.

The biodistribution and infection imaging properties of 99mTc-labeled formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-lysyl-hydrazinonicotinamide (99mTc-HP) were compared with 111In-labeled leukocytes (111In-WBCs) in rabbits with E. coli infections. Groups of six animals were co-injected with 1 mCi of 99mTc-HP plus 0.05 mCi of 111In-WBCs and serial scintigrams were acquired from 3 to 6 hr and 18 hr postinjection. After acquiring the final images, the animals were killed and biodistribution was determined. At all imaging times, the distributions of 99mTc-HP and 111In-WBCs were similar and the sites of infection were well visualized with both radiopharmaceuticals. The target (infected muscle) to background (contralateral normal muscle) ratios (T/B) were: 3.38 +/- 0.46, 3.80 +/- 0.37 and 10.87 +/- 1.44 for 99mTc-HP and 1.71 +/- 0.04, 1.81 +/- 0.26 and 3.79 +/- 0.83, for 111In-WBCs at 3, 6 and 18 hr postinjection, respectively. The average ratio of T/B ratios (99mTc-HP-to-111In-WBCs) was 2.99 +/- 1.88, with no value less than unity. T/B ratios calculated from direct tissue sampling were significantly higher for 99mTc-HP than for 111In-WBCs (33.6:1 versus 8.1:1, p < 0.01). These differences were primarily due to increased absolute accumulation of 99mTc-HP (0.102%ID/g versus 0.024%ID/g, p < 0.01) in infected muscle rather than a difference in accumulation in normal skeletal muscle. These results indicate that 99mTc-HP yields target-to-background ratios greater than or equal to those achievable with 111In-WBCs probably as a result of an increase in absolute accumulation at the site of infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Raising awareness about reproductive morbidity.

Lack of awareness of the extent and effect of reproductive morbidity on the health and quality of life of women in developing countries is evident at national, community and individual levels. Raising awareness at national level requires population-based, epidemiological information which must be validated. At community level, public opinion mediates women's actions when they are sick and fear of social consequences provides a barrier to treatment. Individually, women find it difficult to talk about sexual reproductive health and its management. Methodologies currently being developed for raising awareness at all levels are described.

Awareness↗
PubMed1991

Estimating maternal mortality in Djibouti: an application of the sisterhood method.

In many developing countries even crude estimates of the level of maternal mortality are lacking and the prospects of fulfilling this need using conventional sources of vital registration and health service statistics are not encouraging. The constraint this imposes on the effective planning, management and evaluation of the programmes now being launched to reduce these neglected deaths is self-evident. It is less obvious how the majority of developing countries can be expected to meet the call for reliable estimates of maternal mortality by 1995. The sisterhood method provides a means of obtaining population-based estimates using household surveys for data collection. This paper describes the application of the method in Djibouti in the context of a rapid multi-purpose household survey in difficult field circumstances. In recent years the reduction of the level of maternal mortality in developing countries has become a priority for both national governments and international agencies. Attention has been drawn to the wide range of levels within and between countries and to the huge discrepancies in the lifetime risk of maternal death for women in the developed compared with the developing world. This risk has been estimated to range from 1 in 19 in West Africa to almost 1 in 10,000 in Northern Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Autoradiographical detection of cholecystokinin-A receptors in primate brain using 125I-Bolton Hunter CCK-8 and 3H-MK-329.

In vitro autoradiography was performed in order to visualize cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptors in sections of Cynomolgus monkey brain. CCK-A receptors were defined as those which displayed high affinity for the selective non-peptide antagonist MK-329 (L-364,718) and were detected in several regions by selective inhibition of 125I-Bolton Hunter CCK using MK-329 or direct labeling with 3H-MK-329. In the caudal medulla, high densities of CCK-A sites were present in the nucleus tractus solitarius, especially the caudal and medial aspects, and also the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. CCK-A sites were localized to a number of hypothalamic nuclei such as the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the dorsomedial and infundibular nuclei as well as the neurohypophysis. The mammillary bodies and supramammillary nuclei also contained CCK-A receptor sites. High concentrations of CCK-A receptors were present in the substantia nigra zona compacta and also the ventral tegmental area and may be associated with dopamine cell bodies. Binding of 3H-MK-329 was also detected in parts of the caudate nucleus and ventral putamen. The detection, by autoradiographical means, of CCK-A receptors throughout the Cynomolgus monkey brain contrasts with similar studies performed using rodents and suggests differences in the density and, perhaps, the importance of CCK-A receptors in the primate as opposed to the rodent. The data suggest the possibility that CCK-A receptors may be involved in a number of important brain functions as diverse as the processing of sensory information from the gut, the regulation of hormone secretion, and the activity of dopamine cell activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A discussion of tasks that can be performed by a computerized orthodontic office management system.

A decision to use a computerized office management system is an option now available to the orthodontist. The present article describes some of the ways in which such a system can serve the orthodontist's office. The opinions and conclusions expressed are the result of the author's experience in a team effort, with a professional computer programmer, to develop a software system to serve his own office.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1984

Complete rectal prolapse: repair by a simple technique.

A simple technique for the repair of complete rectal prolapse is described, and the results assessed. The method involves posterior rectopexy, suturing the rectum to the sacrum with paired interrupted linen sutures, thus avoiding the insertion of sheets of foreign material. The operation is suitable for all ages, and the minimal pelvic dissection required facilitates its use in high risk patients. The procedure was carried out in 23 patients, aged between 14 and 88, with a follow up period of between 2 months and 6.5 years. There was one postoperative death. The operation has a low morbidity and mortality, and the majority of the patients are now totally asymptomatic. There have been no recurrences of the complete rectal prolapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Corynebacterium parvum versus BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in human malignant melanoma.

One-hundred and sixteen patients with Stage I and Stage II malignant melanoma were randomized to treatment with either Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Tice) or subcutaneous Corynebacterium parvum (Burroughs-Wellcome). Life table analysis failed to reveal a difference between these two forms of treatment in 68 Stage I patients. The relapse rate was significantly reduced in Stage II patients treated with C. parvum.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Report of a case associated with Crohn's disease.

A patient had cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa associated with Crohn's disease. Immunopathologic studies disclosed evidence of circulating immune complexes as measured by C1q binding. Immunofluorescent microscopy of lesional skin showed C3 and fibrin deposition. Histamine injection of normal skin and subsequent biopsy specimens and immunofluorescent microscopy showed immune deposits. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone with a good clinical response, but within two years, histiocytic lymphoma developed. There is an association of cutaneous polyarteritis and Crohn's disease, and also, immunosuppressive therapy plays a role in the development of histiocytic lymphoma.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Human nasopharyngeal carcinomas positive for Epstein-Barr virus DNA in North America.

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) from 2 black patients and 1 Caucasian patient were positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Of the tumors, 2 were lymphoepitheliomas (undifferentiated NPC) and 1 was a moderately differentiated NPC. All 3 patients had high IgG titers against EBV early antigen and high IgG and IgA titers against virus capsid antigen (VCA). In one patient, the levels of anti-VCA IgA were different than those of anti-VCA IgG over the course of the disease. Our data support the association of EBV and NPC in North America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Occult cervical spine injuries in fatal traffic accidents.

Post-mortem radiographs as well as careful inspection at autopsy of 100 consecutive traffic accident victims revealed an incidence of cervical spine injury of 24%. All but four of the 24 fractures and/or dislocations were localized to the level between the occiput and the axis. One half of the cases were not clinically suspected of having spine injuries before the detailed postmortem search. Seventeen of the 24 cervical spines were resected en bloc and the pathologic anatomy of the injuries was determined. The high incidence of cervical spine injuries and the anatomic findings at dissection have clinical implications for physicians who manage multiply traumatized patients. The need for immobilization and early radiographic evaluation of patients with cervical spine injuries is emphasized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

CHEMFILE: an in-house information system for the chemical indexing of Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants (HEEP).

The inclusion of a Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number index in HEEP has led to the need for a special database designed to link substance names with their appropriate CAS chemical compound Registry Numbers. Begun in 1968 as a tape record with batch mode updates and few record modification capabilities, the information system, which we call CHEMFILE, has evolved to its current form of disk storage with on-line access for file maintenance.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1970

Photojournalism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dentistry↗