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Biomedical subjects

W Grabner

Publications and source records attributed to W Grabner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Molecular study on human tuberculosis in three geographically distinct and time delineated populations from ancient Egypt.

We describe the molecular identification of human tuberculosis (TB) from vertebral bone tissue samples from three different populations of ancient Egypt. The specimens were obtained from the predynastic to early dynastic necropolis of Abydos (7 individuals, c. 3500-2650 B.C.), from a Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period tomb of the necropolis of Thebes-West (37. c. 2100-1550 B.C.) and from five further Theban tombs used in the New Kingdom and the Late Period (39, c. 1450-500 B.C.). A total of 18 cases tested positive for the presence of ancient DNA (aDNA) of the M. tuberculosis complex. Out of the 9 cases with typical macromorphological signs of tuberculous spondylitis, 6 were positive for mycobacterial aDNA (66.7%). Of 24 cases with non-specific pathological alterations, 5 provided a positive result (20.8%). In 50 cases of normally appearing vertebral bones 7 tested positive (14.0%). There were only minor differences in the frequencies between the three populations. These data strongly support the notion that tuberculosis was present and prevalent in ancient Egypt since very early periods of this civilization. The unexpectedly high rate of mycobacterial aDNA in normal bone samples is presumably due to a pre- to perimortal systemic spread of the bacteria and indicates a generalized infection by M. tuberculosis.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1991

[Lymph follicle formation and development of intestinal metaplasia in antrum mucosa as a reaction to Helicobacter pylori infection].

We examined 171 patients (76 females and 95 males) with definite type B-Gastritis. Antrum specimens were taken from all participants for histological examination. We studied the correlations between the formation of lymphoid follicles, the severity of gastritis, the degree of activity of gastritis and the density of Helicobacter pylori colonization. In addition we noted the distribution and extent of the intestinal metaplasia. In patients with high degree HP-colonization we found formation of lymphoid follicles in 59.8%, in patients with low degree HP-colonization in 35% and in patients without colonization only in 10.2% (high degree vs. low degree colonization p less than 0.05, low degree vs. absent colonization p less than 0.025, high degree vs. absent colonization p less than 0.0005). In patients with high grade type B-Gastritis we detected formation of lymphoid folliclesin 58%. There was no case of formation of lymphoid follicles in patients with low grade type B-Gastritis. Patients with a high grade activity of the type B-Gastritis displayed a formation of lymphoid follicles in a higher percentage as patients with a low grade activity of the gastritis (66% vs. 33%, p less than 0.0005). In the antrum intestinal metaplasia of the types I and II could be found significantly more frequent in patients with high grade Type B-Gastritis than in patients with low grade Type B-Gastritis (34.1% vs. 8.8%, p less than 0.005). Intestinal metaplasia was found more frequently in connection with high and low activity of type B-Gastritis than without activity (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of uric acid on the B cell in the isolated perfused rat pancreas (author's transl)].

Methylxanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, show effects increasing the secretion of insulin. Perfusion experiments were intended to find out whether insulin secretion is influenced by uric acid, which is chemically closely related. Besides, it was to be demonstrated that uric acid causes no damages to islet cell structures for it is well established that alloxan, which is chemically related to uric acid, produces necroses in B cells. Isolated rat pancreata were stimulated by glucose at concentrations of 100 mg/100 ml and 300 mg/100 ml. In part of the experiments uric acid was added to the perfusion medium at a concentration of 12 mg/100 ml. We found that uric acid has no influence on insulin secretion if it is stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 100 mg/100 ml. However, if B cells are stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 300 mg/100 ml insulin secretion is enhanced by the addition of uric acid by more than 100%. This indicates that this substance exhibits a glucose-potentiating effect. The characteristic dynamics of insulin secretion demonstrate together with light- and electron-microscopic investigations that uric acid causes a real additional secretion and no leaking of intracellular insulin as a result of destruction of islet cell structures by an effect of uric acid similar to that of alloxan.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Somatostatin].

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Acromegaly↗
PubMed1977

[Problems of corticosteroid-induced adrenal insufficiency in surgery].

Patients previously treated with corticosteroids have a high risk whenever surgery is undertaken. Corticosteroid therapy, especially if prolonged, causes adrenal suppression. Therefore patients under steroid treatment need more, not less corticosteroids during the operative period.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Investigation of adrenal function with corticotrophin-(1-23)-tricosipeptide-amide (author's transl)].

The new peptide corticotrophin-(1-23)-tricosipeptide-amide (Acethropan S) was shown to be useful in the assessment of adrenal function. Both in normal subjects and patients with adrenal insufficiency, the cortisol releasing capacity could be better evaluated with a dosage of 0.5 mg than with 0.25 mg. There were no obvious side effects induced by corticotrophin-(1-23)-tricosipeptide-amide.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1975

[Diurnal variation of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in man (author's transl)].

The present investigation was designed to determine whether the circadian rhythm of glucose utilization is based on a quantitatively different release of insulin and/or on changing secretory dynamics of the hormone. 22 healthy men received three oral glucose tolerance tests in the morning, afternoon and evening of the same day. The blood sugar levels in the afternoon and evening tests were significantly higher than those found in the morning tests. Also the plasma insulin response was higher in the afternoon than in the evening, but it showed a delayed rise and late peak response. In the evening the normal subjects responded as mild diabetics.

Adolescent↗