Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Gowin.
The radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis is primarily based on osteodensitometry. The continuous development of new methods requires persistent analysis of its potential and limits. The knowledge of the differences of osteodensitometric methods is essential for understanding patient reports. The acronyms are internationally established, their correct usage is advocated.
The introduction of new devices demands the assessment of their capabilities in established terms. The accuracy, reproducibility and spatial resolution of in vitro (phantom) osteodensitometric and morphometric measurements of QDR 2000 Plus and EXPERT are presented. Design details of these DXA/MXA-devices are listed and discussed in combination with the data acquired in the test measurements and calculations. The image quality will improve with further software developments. The long-term reproducibility and in vivo reliability remains to be evaluated.
175 patients with definite multiple sclerosis underwent nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. T1-weighted images showed in 59 patients (34%) periventricular lesions with a central area of decreased signal intensity. They appear as lacunar defects in the walls of the lateral ventricle system. In accordance with neuropathological findings we suggest that in these plaques a cystic degeneration has replaced gliosis. Patients with cystic defects are characterized by a high activity of the disease (e.d. increased annual production of plaques) and a poor prognosis. Lacunae are found in the early stages of the disease and provide a prognostic sign in multiple sclerosis.
In 83 of 86 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRT) demonstrated lesions consistent with the clinical diagnosis. All the patients had either clinically typical MS oralaboratory-confirmed diagnosis of MS. The sensitivity of MRI is compared to those of computed tomographic (CT) scanning, evoked potential testing and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The features of MS revealed by MRI are interpreted in terms of the macroscopic pathology and correlated with the clinical findings. The importance of particular findings (cystic appearance of lesions, spread of periventricular patches into the centrum semiovale) for the patients prognosis in stressed.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the advantage of high sensitivity compared to other diagnostic imaging techniques in focal pathological lesions of the brain in multiple sclerosis patients. However, the specificity of this examination method is limited. Diseases of the central nervous system due to other, different causes could produce a similar magnetic resonance image. Clinically examined cases of malignant and toxic affections of the brain caused by inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic and vascular diseases are presented and compared with the changes occurring in multiple sclerosis.
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Today the indication of hysterosalpingography is supplied via radiography in the diagnosis of female infertility patients. Hence, a different group of patients is now selected in contrast to the previous indications. The venous intravasation in uterine and adnexal vessels among infertility patients was observed in only 0.4% of our cases. The relationship between the changed indication, the technique of HSG, the changed permeability of the vessels after surgery, and the rare occurrence of intravasation is discussed.
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The vertebral veins and their anastomoses to the other venous vascular regions are represented in their anatomy, physiological and pathophysiological function, with a special reference to the spreading of tumor cells through the veins of the vertebral column. The causes of the accumulation of metastases in the trunk skeleton and brain is pointed out by malignant tumors of the prostata, of the ren, of the lung, of the mamma, of the genital organs and the thyroid gland. The signification of the vertebral venous system as a spread of metastases is emphasized under consideration of the tumor cell kinetics in the blood-flow and the different forms of the metastatic formations, and is verifying by experienced clinical cases and reviews of the literature.
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The case of a 29-year-old female patient is presented as an example of formation and resorption of a post-traumatic intrapulmonary hematoma. This case is compared with the findings in the literature and discussed. The importance of diagnostic differentiation from malignant coin lesions is pointed out.
Architectural changes in trabecular bone by osteoporosis were utilized as a model for the changes which probably occur in human bone while exposed to microgravity conditions. Although there are many concerns about microgravity-induced bone loss, little is known about the impact of microgravity on the three-dimensional architecture of the skeleton. 50 (level L3) and 57 (level L4) vertebral bones harvested from human cadavers were investigated by computed tomography (CT) and quantified in terms of bone mineral density (BMD). Based on the symbol-encoded transformed CT-images, five measures of complexity were developed which quantify the structural composition of the trabecular bone. This quantification determines the bone architecture as a whole. Depending on the specific measure of complexity and its relation to BMD, a 5-10% change of BMD is related to a 5-90% change in structural composition. The method requires a non-invasive CT-procedure of the lumbar spine resulting in a radiation exposure of about 30 microSv effective dose. The technique is useful for the evaluation of the bone status of space-flying, personnel as well as for patients on ground. Grant numbers: BMH1-CT92-0296.