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Biomedical subjects

W Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to W Goodman.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Clinical predictors of treatment response in obsessive compulsive disorder: exploratory analyses from multicenter trials of clomipramine.

Two multicenter, double-blind trials were conducted in adults with DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association 1980) defined Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), comparing clomipramine (Anafranil, CMI) up to 300 mg daily with placebo. Of 519 patients evaluated, 260 received CMI for up to 10 weeks. More than half of the CMI treated patients were significantly improved, approximately 30 percent were minimally improved, and 15 percent showed no improvement after CMI treatment. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess treatment effects and attempts were made to correlate change in Y-BOCS score from baseline with a number of baseline characteristics, including age, sex, duration of OCD, baseline Y-BOCS score, baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score, presence or absence of secondary depression, and predominance of obsessions or compulsions. Pearson and/or Spearman correlations failed to reveal any statistically significant correlations between outcome and any of the baseline characteristics studied. While the differences were not statistically significant, it did appear that male patients and patients with a longer duration of illness may be less likely to respond to CMI treatment; however, the overall conclusion from this analysis is that none of the variables studied is a reliable predictor of responses to treatment with CMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial of a new serotonin uptake inhibitor, sertraline, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Eighty-seven patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without depression were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of sertraline, a new serotonin uptake inhibitor. After a 1-week washout period, patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or sertraline. After a 2-week titration period in which the once-daily sertraline dose was increased from 50 mg/day to a maximum of 200 mg/day, dosage was maintained until the end of the eighth week, then patients were titrated off medication over the next 2 weeks. Efficacy was measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), NIMH General Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive (MOC) Inventory, and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity and Improvement scales. Results on the MOC Inventory showed trends in favor of active drug that were not statistically significant compared with placebo. Results of the Y-BOCS total score, the NIMH score, and the global severity and improvement scores demonstrated a statistically significant superiority of sertraline compared with placebo.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of in vivo cementless acetabular fixation.

Cementless fixation in total hip arthroplasty is increasingly popular because of the failure rates of cemented components, particularly in younger patients. The reported European studies with cementless acetabular implants and the relatively short-term American studies suggest that loosening is not a problem with any of the designs in clinical use. This point of view is reminiscent of that regarding cemented acetabular components prior to the realization that cemented acetabular failure was a delayed long-term phenomenon. Cementless acetabular components are principally of two types, threaded and porous coated. Prior to this study, there was little clinical or experimental evidence to indicate which design gains superior fixation and which is most likely to maintain long-term fixation and durability. Fixation of threaded and porous-coated components was evaluated mechanically and histologically in dogs after weight-bearing periods of two and six months. The threaded specimens were significantly looser than the porous-coated specimens at both two and six months. There was a trend toward loosening of both types of components with time. Fibrous tissue alone appeared to invest all of the threaded components, whereas bone and fibrous-tissue ingrowth appeared to incorporate the porous components. The mineral apposition rate for the components was not significantly different between the two components or between different regions in the specimens.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1987

The Drosophila Abelson proto-oncogene homolog: identification of mutant alleles that have pleiotropic effects late in development.

The Abelson gene in Drosophila (abl) consists of ten exons extending over 26 kb of genomic DNA. The DNA sequence encodes a protein of 1520 amino acids with sequence homology to the human c-abl proto-oncogene product, beginning at the amino terminus and extending 656 amino acids through the region essential for tyrosine kinase activity. Mutant lesions in the abl gene were identified first by their failure to complement chromosomal deletions that overlap the abl DNA sequence and then by rescue of the mutant phenotypes with an abl minigene in transgenic flies. Elimination of abl zygotic function by mutations produces some recessive lethality at the pharate adult pupal stage, and mutant adults with reduced longevity, reduced fecundity, and an irregular pattern of retinal cells.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Identification in transgenic animals of the Drosophila decapentaplegic sequences required for embryonic dorsal pattern formation.

Mutant alleles of the Drosophila decapentaplegic (dpp) gene affect embryonic dorsal-ventral pattern formation, larval viability, and adult cuticle formation from the imaginal disks. The dpp DNA required for this array of functions spans almost 50 kb. We report that the embryonic lethal, ventralizing alleles of the dpp gene are rescued in transgenic animals by an 8-kb fragment of the wild-type dpp DNA. Full rescue, from embryonic lethality to adult viability, is obtained in two situations: in animals hemizygous for the haplolethal dpp gene, and in animals hemizygous for either of two recessive embryonic lethal alleles. In embryos null for dpp, the transformation of dorsal cuticle to ventral cuticle is blocked by one copy of the dpp transposon; two copies permit the hatching of the larvae. The portion of dpp sufficient for these embryonic functions encodes a protein with homology to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins (Padgett et al. 1987). The larval and imaginal disk functions of dpp are not rescued by the 8-kb portion of the gene and must require additional sequences from the 50 kb of DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The in vitro synthesis and secretion of alpha-ecdysone by the ring glands of the fly, Sarcophaga bullata.

The in vitro secretory product of larval Sarcophage bullata ring glands has been identified as 2beta, 3beta, 14alpha, 22R, 25-pentahydroxy-5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one (alpha-ecdysone). Mid to late 3rd instar larval ecdysones were isolated and identified as 2beta, 3beta, 14alpha, 20R, 22R, 25-hexahydroxy-5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one (beta-ecdysone) and alpha-ecdysone at a ratio of 27:1. The low level of alpha-ecdysone in vivo, relative to its exclusive in vitro synthesis and secretion by the ring glands, is a function of the very active C20 hydroxylation mechanism in tissues peripheral to the ring gland. The role of alpha-ecdysone as a prohormone in dipteran metamorphosis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The influence of hemolymph-binding protein on juvenile hormone stability and distribution in Manduca sexta fat body and imaginal discs in vitro.

The wing discs and fat body of Manduca sexta larvae contain enzymes (i.e. carboxylesterase and epoxide hydratase) that can convert the C18 juvenile hormone (JH) to the acid, diol and acid diol. No evidence of oxidative degradation was noted. In vitro studies suggest that JH can be compartmentalized within the cells of the fat body where it is less accessible to degradative mechanisms. Experiments utilizing a hemolymph-binding protein fraction (BPF) in vitro with fat body and imaginal discs indicate that the BPF retards the uptake of JH by tissues and its subsequent degradation by tissue enzymes. BPF also appears to protect JH from degradation by enzymes released into the medium. By these mechanisms the insect can maintain elevated JH titers for relatively long periods. Binding protein may also keep JH in solution in the hemolymph allowing its rapid distribution throughout the insect. The data suggest that the binding protein plays a key role in maintaining juvenile hormone titers.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Purification and characterization of a juvenile hormone binding protein from the hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

A protein which binds the insect juvenile hormone has been isolated from the hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera). Bioassay and chemical characterization of the bound ligand from the purified binding protein indicates that this molecule is the primary macromolecule responsible for juvenile hormone transport in the hemolymph of this insect. The juvenile hormone binding protein has been purified using gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein is a single polypeptide chain of about 28,000 daltons with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.2S and an isoelectric point of 5.0. Binding analysis using a hydroxyapatite batch assay indicates that the juvenile hormone binding protein has one binding site with a Ka of 1.2 times 10(7) M-1 at 4 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing values.

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Aged↗