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Biomedical subjects

W G McBride

Publications and source records attributed to W G McBride.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Children born after elective induction of labour.

A comparison was made between the performance at eight years of age of 63 children who were born after elective induction of labour, and 29 spontaneously born children. The children had been tested previously at five years of age. Tests of reading and arithmetic achievement, visuomotor coordination, aural-visual coordination, auditory discrimination, and behavioural rating scales were administered. On two of the 12 measures (reading comprehension and euroticism) the induced children performed better than the spontaneously born. On all other measures there were no significant differences. There appeared to be no evidence of specific learning disabilities or behavioural problems among the induced children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Method of delivery and developmental outcome at five years of age.

A controlled follow-up study examined the impact of delivery method on developmental outcome of the child. The modes of delivery investigated were low forceps delivery (188 infants), midcavity forceps delivery (51 infants), forceps rotation with forceps delivery (57 infants), manual rotation with forceps delivery (67 infants), elective caesarean section (101 infants) and spontaneous delivery (control, 207 infants). Breech presentation (100 infants) was separately compared with the vertex presentation groups. Sample selection controlled for complications during pregnancy and low birthweight and was restricted to married English-speaking mothers. The children were assessed at the age of five years on verbal and non-verbal subtests of a standardized intelligence scale, tests of gross motor coordination, and auditory and visual tests. A full paediatric examination was also performed. Breech presentation children performed less well on tests of balance and fine motor coordination and on visual acuity and stereopsis testing than children who presented in the vertex position. No deleterious effect of delivery method was found. In the absence of other complicating events (like a poor antenatal history, prematurity, and a disorganized home environment) delivery complication constitutes an early risk factor which the growing child is able to overcome.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1979

Disposition of synethetic glucocorticoids. I. Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in healthy adults.

The pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone alcohol is described in six male and six female healthy adult volunteers who each received 8 mg of dexamethasone phosphate by bolus intravenous injection. Quantitation of the alcohol was done using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with improved specificity. Statistical evaluation of the results generated by nonlinear least-squares regression analysis of the plasma concentration-time data shows that the phosphate ester is very rapidly hydrolyzed to the alcohol and a biexponential equation is the simplest polyexponential equation that is consistent with the data. The terminal phase half-life t1/2 beta was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in males (mean 201.5 min) than in females (mean 142.3 min). They prolonged t1/2 beta in males did not appear to be caused by an impaired capacity to eliminate dexamethasone since the total plasma clearance did not differ between males (mean 24.5 ml/min) and females (mean 242.9 ml/min). There was, however, a high positive correlation between t1/2 beta and Vdss among the 12 adults (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). There were also significant correlation between Vdss and body weight (r = 0.67, p less than 0.05) and t1/2 beta and body weight (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01). The difference in body weight between the sexes seems to be the main factor contributing to the difference observed in t1/2 beta. An average of only 2.6% of the dose was found unchanged in a 24-hr urine sample, and hence it appears that dexamethasone is primarily eliminated by extrarenal, probably hepatic, mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Quantitation of dexamethasone in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography.

A sensitive and specific method for the quantitation of dexamethasone in plasma and urine is described. The specificity of the method is obtained using adsoprtion chromatography on a high-performance liquid chromatograph. The dexamethasone is detected with a variable-wavelength UV detector. An internal standard technique is used for quantitation of dexamethasone with a minimum sensitivity of 15 ng. Preliminary results of the application of the method to pharmacokinetic studies of dexamethasone in humans are reported.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

A study of five year old children born after elective induction of labour.

A controlled retrospective study of some short-term and long-term effects of elective induction of labour was conducted. There did not appear to be any increase in the incidence of maternal complications during labour, or of neonatal problems in the induced-labour group compared with the remainder of the mothers in the hospital. In the follow-up phase of the study, two treatment groups of children who were delivered after amniotomy and amniotomy plus the administration of oxytocin were compared with each other, and with a control group of children born after spontaneous labour. The children were assessed at the age of five years on verbal and non-verbal subtests of a standardized intelligence scale, tests of gross motor and fine motor coordination, and auditory and visual tests. A full physical examination was also performed. No statistically significant differences nor trends of clinical interest were found between the groups on any measure.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal root ganglia evoked by thalidomide in rabbits.

Administration of the teratogenic drug thalidomide to pregnant does produces ultrastructural changes in foetal ganglion cells, Schwann cells and axons in the posterior root ganglia corresponding to forelimb segments deformed by the orug. Ultrastructural changes in ganglia appear on the 13th day of gestation, i.e., preceding the appearance of limb malformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Studies of the etiology of thalidomide dysmorphogenesis.

Thalidomide was administered to pregnant rabbits in dosages of 150-250 mg/kg/day on days 8-12 of gestation. These females produced 40 offspring, 21 of which were deformed. Four control females produced 34 offspring, none of which was deformed. The C6 and C7 ganglia of day-13, -15, -17, and -21 control and experimental embryos and fetuses were examined electron microscopically. Degenerative changes were found in the neurons and axons of dorsal root ganglia in day-13 experimental embryos, i.e., at least 16h before the earliest signs of thalidomide dysmelia have been reported in rabbits (Vickers, '67). Since the dorsal root ganglia form in rabbits on days 11 and 12 the changes evident at day 13 indicate that degeneration of neurons and axons may be a pathogenetic factor in thalidomide-induced peripheral deformities.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗