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Biomedical subjects

W G Baxt

Publications and source records attributed to W G Baxt.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Impact of a trauma system on outcome of severely injured patients.

We examined the impact of a trauma system on the survival of patients with a Trauma Score of 8 or less. We compared the observed survival with that predicted using a method that calculates the probability of survival (Ps) based on age, physiologic score, and anatomic severity of injury. Of 3394 patients triaged to trauma centers in a 12-month period, 283 (8.3%) had a Trauma Score of 8 or less. Sufficient data were available in 189 patients with blunt trauma to make the survival comparison. The Ps was 18%; the observed survival was 29%. Of 60 patients with penetrating trauma and complete data, the Ps was 8%; the observed survival was 20%. We attribute the improved survival to the integration of prehospital and hospital care and expeditious surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The impact of advanced prehospital emergency care on the mortality of severely brain-injured patients.

The mortality of 128 consecutive severely brain-injured patients (Glasgow Coma Score less than or equal to 8) treated by a land advanced life support system and transported to a trauma center was compared to the mortality of 104 consecutive severely brain-injured patients treated during the same time period by an advanced care rotorcraft aeromedical emergency service and transported to the same trauma center. The two patient groups had statistically similar distribution of CNS lesions and Glasgow Coma Scores. The mortality of the patients treated by the land ALS system was 40%. The mortality of the patients treated by the aeromedical service was 31%. The 9% reduction in mortality in the patients treated by the aeromedical service was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). There was also a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the Glasgow Outcome Scores of the patients treated by the aeromedical service compared with patients treated by the land advanced life support system.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The differential survival of trauma patients.

Advances in prehospital care and the development of regionalized trauma centers have reduced the mortality from major trauma. However, patients who have sustained severe brain injuries (Glasgow Coma Score less than or equal to 8) treated in such a setting still have a substantial mortality. In order to determine if mortality is a function of severe brain injury, 545 trauma patients with and without severe brain injury were prospectively studied. All patients were similarly treated by one medical center from the actual site of injury until discharge from the hospital. There were 104 patients who had sustained major blunt trauma with severe brain injury and 441 patients who had sustained major blunt trauma without severe brain injury. The mortality of the former group was 30.8%, whereas that of the latter group was 0.9% (p less than 0.0001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care services and trauma mortality: a multicenter study.

A group of 1,273 blunt trauma patients who were treated and transported from the site of injury by seven different hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care services were studied using a methodology based on injury severity designed to predict the mortality of such patients. The methodology predicted that 241 patients should have died; 191 patients did die. This 21% reduction in expected mortality was highly significant (P less than .001). Each of the seven rotorcraft services had a reduction in predicted mortality. The reduction was statistically significant (P less than .05) in five of the seven aeromedical services, or 86% of the total patient cohort. Hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care services may reduce the expected mortality of blunt trauma patients treated at the site of injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The impact of a rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care service on trauma mortality.

The mortality of 150 consecutive trauma patients treated at the site of injury and transported to a trauma center by standard land prehospital care services was compared with that of 150 consecutive trauma patients treated at the site of injury and transported to the same trauma center by a rotorcraft aeromedical service staffed by a physician and nurse. A statistical analysis designed to predict mortality based on injury severity revealed that the mortality of the land group was statistically no different from that of a large index trauma patient population treated at a major trauma center. There was a 52% reduction in predicted mortality of the aeromedical group, which was highly significant.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1982

An autopsy study of traumatic deaths; San Diego County, 1979.

All traumatic deaths in San Diego County were analyzed for the year of 1979. Death certificates, coroner's reports, and autopsy data served as the basis for this review. A total of 177 deaths were studied, of which 94 were associated with CNS injury and 83 were not. Sixteen (20 percent) of the deaths not CNS-associated and four (5 percent) of the CNS-associated deaths were classified as preventable. One hundred seventeen deaths were due to motor vehicle accidents, of which 11 of 35 (31 percent; all not CNS-associated) were deemed preventable. Preventable causes of death included hemorrhage, unrecognized hemopneumothorax, and unrecognized epidural hematoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Transfer of duck cell DNA sequences to the nucleus of 3T3 cells by Rous sarcoma virus.

Peking duck cell nuclear DNA has no complementarity to RNA of Prague C Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Upon infection of Peking duck cells by Prague C RSV, polynucleotide sequences complementary to Peking duck cell nuclear DNA can be detected in the high molecular weight RNA from progeny Peking duck cell passaged RSV (RSVPD) by RNA.DNA molecular hybridazation. When 3T3 cells are subsequently infected by RSVPD, polynucleotide sequences complementary to Peking duck cell nuclear DNA can be detected in the 3T3 cell nuclear DNA by RNA.DNA molecular hybridization. The potential consequences of the transfer of the Peking duck cell nuclear DNA from the avian to the murine cells are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Sequences present in both human leukemic cell nuclear DNA and Rauscher leukemia virus.

DNA synthesized by particulate fractions from human leukemic white blood cells has been subfractionated by hybridization to Rauscher leukemia virus 70S RNA followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The Rauscher-leukemia-virus-specific DNA fraction is shown to be complementary only to sequences present in the nuclear DNA of Balb/c mouse spleens infected by this virus and the nuclear DNA from human leukemic white blood cells, and not to sequences present in the nuclear DNA of normal Balb/c mouse spleens or the nuclear DNA of normal human white blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Nuclear DNA sequences present in human leukemic cells and absent in normal leukocytes.

The central purpose of the present study was to test the proposition that the nuclear DNA of every human cell contains whatever information is necessary and sufficient for transformation to malignancy. The experiments were made possible by our earlier identification in human leukemic cells of particulate elements encapsulating 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase. The [(3)H]DNA synthesized by these particles was used as a probe, through molecular hybridization, to normal and leukemic DNA. The results obtained establish that leukemic nuclear DNA contains particle-related sequences that cannot be detected in normal leukocytes. This outcome does not support the virogene-oncogene theory, which postulates the inclusion of at least one complete copy of oncogenic information in the genome of every normal cell. The data suggest that we may not be forced to cope with an omnipresent DNA segment coding for malignancy. Under the circumstances, we can perhaps entertain more hopeful pathways leading to the control and cure of cancer.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A neural network trained to identify the presence of myocardial infarction bases some decisions on clinical associations that differ from accepted clinical teaching.

An artificial neural network trained to identify the presence of myocardial infarction has been shown to function with a high degree of accuracy. The effects on network diagnosis of some of the clinical input variables used by this network have previously been shown to be distributed over two distinct maxima. Analysis of the basis for this distribution by studying the specific patterns in which these variables had significantly different impacts on network diagnosis revealed that the differential impacts were due to the contexts in which the variables whose effects were bimodally distributed were placed. These contexts were defined by the values of the other input data used by the network. In a number of instances, the clinical relationships implied by these associations were divergent from prior knowledge about factors predictive of myocardial infarction. One implication of these findings is that this network, which has been shown to perform with a high degree of diagnostic accuracy, may be doing so by identifying relationships between inputted information that are divergent from accepted teaching.

Adult↗