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Biomedical subjects

W F Whitmore

Publications and source records attributed to W F Whitmore.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Mixed leukocyte culture reactivity of lymph node cells regional to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Regional lymph node cells from some patients with bladder cancer exhibited a suppressive effect on the ability of autologous and allogeneic blood leukocytes to function as stimulator cells in one-way mixed leukocyte culture. The appearance of the suppressor activity was significantly correlated to advancing stage of disease and to the histology of the regional lymph nodes.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1978

Intratesticular grafts: the testis as an exceptional immunologically privileged site.

The testis is an immunologically privileged site despite a normal lymphatic drainage, whereas the anterior chamber of the eye is a privileged site because it lacks normal lymphatics. Parathyroid grafts were transplanted between several strains of inbred rats (Buffalo leads to Lewis and Lewis X Brown Norway F1 leads to Lewis). Allografts were placed in the testis, thigh muscle, prostate, lymph nodes, anterior chamber of the eye and adrenal gland. The survival of intratesticular allografts also was tested in animals whose pituitary gonadotropins were suppressed by testosterone and estradiol implants. The effects of steroid implants were documented by measuring testosterone and progesterone concentrations in the serum and whole testis homogenates of these animals. Allograft survival was judged by fasting plasma calcium concentrations. The data show that 1) the adrenal is included among naturally occurring immunologically privileged sites, 2) the prolonged survival of intratesticular allografts may be related to the local production of steroid hormones, although allograft survival is not critically dependent on pituitary gonadotropins and 3) temperature differences and a high zinc concentration within the testis are not important to allograft survival.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Gallium and bleomycin scans in the clinical staging of testis tumor.

Twenty-one patients with testicular tumors had gallium scans prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Eleven of 14 patients found to have nodal involvement had positive scans, and 2 of 7 patients with negative nodes had false positive scans. Bleomycin scans were positive in 4 of 5 patients with nodal metastases. While these scans provide a simple, non-invasive and occasionally useful technique for the clinical staging of testis neoplasms, they do not, in our experience, significantly supplement other staging procedures.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1977

Adriamycin in advanced urinary tract cancer: experience in 42 patients and review of the literature.

Forty-two patients with measureable, advanced, genito-urinary cancer received Adriamycin. Significant clinical responses (CR/PR) occurred in only five (14%) of 35 adequately treated patients. Four additional patients achieved a minimal response anf four others showed stabilization of their disease for 4 to 9 months. Review of the literature suggests an overall response rate of 20%. Patients with a urinary diversion lived significantly longer (P 0.006) than patients who did not have this procedure (42.5 months vs 21.5 months). The need to define various patient characteristics in future chemotherapeutic trials in bladder cancer is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Improvement of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (NSC 119875): therapeutic index in an animal model.

Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (CPDD) NSC 119875 was given at toxic doses (3 mg/kg) to three groups of dogs. The renal toxicity was avoided with massive prehydration and with mannitol induced diuresis. The bone marrow toxicity was unaltered by either manipulation. The data presented indicate that a better therapeutic index has been achieved by osmotic diuresis with mannitol. Blood levels and urine levels measurements show that the pharmacokinetics of the drug are unaltered, the urinary concentration of drug being low in the first few hours, but with similar urinary drug recovery in all three groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A comparative study of two preoperative radiation regimens with cystectomy for bladder cancer.

This report surveys the results of two programs of preoperative irradiation with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in 205 patients. Irradiating the true pelvis to 4000 rads in 4 weeks with radical cystectomy after 6 weeks was implemented in 119 patients (Group 1) from 1959 to 1965; 2000 rads given in 1 week to the true pelvis and radical cystectomy within the following week was implemented in 86 patients (Group 2) from 1966 to 1970. Determinate survival without evidence of recurrence at 5 years was 43% in Group 1 and 42% in Group 2. Mortality with recurrence of bladder cancer in 5 or more years was 44% in group 1 and 42% in group 2. Pelvic complications occurred in 13% of group 1 and 9% of group 2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

The evolution of mature teratoma from malignant testicular tumors.

During the period of 1969--1976, twelve cases of malignant germ cell tumor of the testis were seen in which the diagnosis was associated with the subsequent development of one or more metastases composed histologically of fully mature teratoma. These patients had a variety of primary germ cell tumors in the testis and were treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in addition to surgery, prior to the development of mature teratomas in different anatomic sites. The development of mature teratoma in this clinical setting seems to be a favorable prognostic sign, inasmuch as only one of the 12 patients has died with known persistent cancer. Since the incidence of this phenomenon seems to be increasing, the mechanism is probably related, directly or indirectly, to therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Chemotherapy of seminoma.

1. Seminoma may occasionally be rapidly growing, aggressive, radioresistant, and chemotherapy-resistant tumor. 2. Alkylating agents have had the greatest number of trials and have produced the best response rates in the management of seminoma, but a wide range of other agents warrants trials. 3. Adjunct chemotherapy is a logical consideration in patients with stage II and stage III seminoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prostatic adenocarcinoma: relationship of grade and local extent to the pattern of metastases.

In 100 consecutive cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by pelvic lymphadenectomy and interstitial implantation of 125I the relationship of tumor stage, size and grade was analyzed relative to the incidence and site of metastases, and the response of the primary tumor to irradiation. High stage, large size and poor histological differentiation were associated with a significantly higher probability of pelvic node metastases. The response of the primary tumor to irradiation was significantly higher among patients with small stage B tumors and/or those with negative pelvic lymph nodes. Important determinants of metastases subsequent to 125I implantation were the large size of the primary tumor, poor histological differentiation, seminal vesicle invasion, large (more than 3 cc) volume of lymph node metastases and absence of local prostatic response to irradiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma: pathogenesis, patterns and prognosis.

Prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder includes a spectrum of histologic patterns. Ductal only or ductal and acinar involvement occurs with or without stromal invasion. Stromal invasion may exist without glandular involvement. Invasive prostatic patterns are most frequent in the setting of high stage invasive bladder tumors and 5-year survival rates for these patients are low. Non-invasive in situ prostatic patterns are usually associated with low stage bladder tumors and 5-year survival approaches that predicted from radical cystectomy for low stage bladder tumor alone. When an invasive pattern is associated with a low stage bladder tumor the 5-year survival rate is determined by the prostatic lesion and is low. Although the survival rate is severely jeopardized by stromal prostatic invasion the prognosis is not hopeless. Preoperative radiotherapy followed by cystoprostatourethrectomy can be expected to produce a 20 per cent 5-year survival rate.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1977

Rectal invasion by benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Rectal invasion by benign prostatic hyperplasia occurred subsequent to an open transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland. Frequent transrectal resections of the prostate controlled this unusual lesion initially. However, massive intrarectal regrowth of this clinically malignant but histologically proved benign prostatic enlargement required eventual pelvic exenteration.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Malignant lymphoma of the testis: a clinicopathologic study of 37 cases.

The clinicopathologic findings in 37 cases of malignant lymphoma with primary clinical manifestation in the testis were analyzed. Of these cases 34 were classified as histiocytic lymphoma and 3 as lymphocytic lymphoma. Patients usually presented with a painless small testicular mass of short duration. The peak incidence occurred in the fifth through eighth decades. Metachronous testicular involvement was noted in 35 per cent of the cases and simultaneous bilateral involvement in 3 per cent. In 25 per cent of the cases the first manifestation of lymphoma after orchiectomy was in the opposite testis. Regional and distant nodes were equally common sites of lymphoma after orchiectomy. The long-term survival of a few patients after orchiectomy may suggest that some malignant lymphomas are truly primary in the testis. However, the short interval free of disease and the rapid death of most patients imply that most testicular lymphomas are a manifestation of multicentric origin of systemic malignant lymphoma. The over-all 2 and 5-year survival rates were 30 and 20 per cent, respectively. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal modality of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Experience with primary carcinoma of the male urethra.

We reviewed 23 cases of primary carcinoma of the male urethra and compared the clinical findings, treatment and results to the experiences previously reported. Patients with lesions of the pendulous urethra managed by appropriate amputation of the penis with ilio-inguinal node dissection for groin metastases had a good prognosis, whereas patients with lesions of the bulbo-membranous or prostatic urethra had a poor prognosis. Despite occasional successful results with conservative surgical excision and over-all poor results with radical excision the generally extensive nature of such tumors necessarily makes radical excision the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The clinical utility of plasma and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with genitourinary disease.

Carcinoembryonic antigen was measured in the urine and plasma of 108 patients with several types and various stages of genitourinary cancer. The value of the carcinoembryonic antigen assay as an early indicator of neoplastic disease was evaluated and a correlation was made between the extent of disease and the concentration of urinary and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients were classified according to stage of tumor involvement as follows: no evidence of disease, non-malignant disease, non-invasive disease, no known metastasis, regional metastasis and disseminated metastasis. The urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels more closely paralleled the extent of disease than did the plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with bladder cancer. Neither urinary nor plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels were useful in assessing the extent of disease in patients with prostatic or testicular cancer. Studies related to microbiological interference in the carcinoembryonic antigen assay indicated that bacterial counts up to 10(5) organisms per ml. did not interfere. Cytological studies indicated that the presence of white blood cells, atypical cells and malignant cells could result in elevated urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1977

Experience with carcinoma of the scrotum.

The natural history, management and prognosis of scrotal carcinoma are reviewed in 19 cases and a method to stage the tumor is presented. Ten patients were rendered free of evidence of cancer, 9 of whom have survived more than 5 years. Wide local excision of the primary lesion with radical ilioinguinal dissection for proved inguinal lymph node metastases is the present recommendation. For non-resectable regional metastatic disease no treatment of established effectiveness is available. Irradiation has produced benefit on rare occasions and hemipelvectomy may be considered in selected cases.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗