Biomedical subjects
W Everaerd
Publications and source records attributed to W Everaerd.
A study suggesting two kinds of information processing of the sexual response.
Genital and subjective sexual arousal in response to sexual imagery was studied. In a previous study subjects who were encouraged to process information on sexual stimuli and sexual responses were more sexually aroused than subjects encouraged to process information on sexual stimuli only. In the present study, the reverse effect was found in subjects who had received further verbal training to differentially process information on sexual stimuli or responses. This suggests two different kinds of processing information on sexual responses. They may result from simple encouragement or verbal training to process sexual information.
Psychological determinants of sexual arousal: a review.
The literature on the psychological determinants of genital and subjective sexual arousal is reviewed. Various psychological mechanisms are identified and in each instance the available empirical evidence is summarized. Areas requiring further research are indicated and suggestions for methodological improvements are presented.
Attentional effects on sexual arousal.
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Attending to stimuli or to images of sexual feelings: effects on sexual arousal.
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Treatment of male sexual dysfunction: sex therapy compared with systematic desensitization and rational emotive therapy.
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A long-term follow-up study of couples treated for sexual dysfunctions.
A 5-8 year follow-up was conducted on 140 couples treated for sexual dysfunctions, of whom 88 couples (63%) actually participated. Differences between participant and nonparticipant clients were analyzed. Clients evaluated various aspects of their sexual and nonsexual functioning before and after therapy and in the follow-up period. The correlation between retrospective and original pre- and posttherapeutic data was determined. The effects of treatment for couples not divorced or given additional therapy, couples who separated, and couples given additional therapy were analyzed and compared. The treatments generally led to increased satisfaction about sexual and nonsexual interaction with the partner. The improvement was found to be fairly stable in the follow-up.
A case of apotemnophilia: a handicap as sexual preference.
This paper seeks to present information on apotemnophilia. It points out the need of a man to have a healthy leg amputated, despite the fact that he cannot find a surgeon who will do so. By writing this paper, the author hopes to bring to light the characteristics underlying such a desire. After reviewing the scarce literature on this subject, a case history of apotemnophilia has been given. In the discussion similarities and discrepancies in two cases reported by Money have been summarized.
Treatment of homosexual and heterosexual sexual dysfunction in male-only groups of mixed sexual orientation.
Males complaining of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions were treated in a structured therapy program. Twenty-one males of heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation were divided into five groups, with two male therapists for each group. Patients were those usually considered difficult to treat in that 16 had a primary sexual dysfunction with an average duration of 6 years. Extensive evaluations were made before therapy, at the completion of therapy, and at 2-months follow-up. Pre-therapeutic, post-therapeutic, and follow-up measurements indicated that the program was highly successful.
Treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction: a comparison of systematic desensitization and sex therapy.
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A comparison of sex therapy and communication therapy: couples complaining of orgasmic dysfunction.
Forty-eight couples who complained of female orgasmic dysfunction received one of two therapies: sex therapy and communication therapy. Each couple was treated by a team of one male and one female therapist. Pretherapeutic, posttherapeutic and follow-up measurements showed that female sexual satisfaction increased in both therapies, but that the increase came more quickly in sex therapy. Male sexual satisfaction increased in sex therapy, but diminished in communication therapy. A two-phase model of the sexual response was tested against the therapeutic results. The experience of sexual interaction and the orgasmic experience improved in males and females in sex therapy, and in females in communication therapy. The male experience of sexual interaction deteriorated in communication therapy, while the male orgasmic experience initially increased and subsequently diminished again. Satisfaction with the total relationship increased in the males in communication therapy, and in the females in sex therapy.
Place of delivery in The Netherlands: maternal motives and background variables related to preferences for home or hospital confinement.
The decision-making process regarding the preferred site for confinement was investigated in a total of 170 nulliparous women with initially uncomplicated pregnancies. Of these women, 100 had a preference for delivery at home and 45 for hospital confinement. The remaining 25 women were in doubt about the preferred location. Interviews were held at the 18th week of pregnancy. Motives for choosing either a home or a hospital confinement were analysed. Preferences for either home or hospital confinement were predicted by a stepwise discriminant analysis. Educational level, psychological well-being, anxiety concerning complications at birth, and attitudes towards female social roles accounted for 78.6% of the variance. Fear that something might go wrong during labour together with an older age predicted for 62% the group of women doubtful about the place of confinement.
Characteristics of couples applying for bibliotherapy via different recruitment strategies: a multivariate comparison.
This study compared characteristics of couples with different sexual dysfunctions who were recruited for participation in a bibliotherapy program via two routes: in response to media advertisements and through their presence on a waiting list for therapist-administered treatment in an outpatient sexology clinic. Data were collected from 492 subjects (246 couples). Male sexology patients were younger than media-recruited males. However, type of sexual dysfunction accounted for a substantially larger proportion of variance in the demographic and psychometric data. An interaction effect of recruitment strategy and sexual dysfunction type was found with respect to female anorgasmia. We conclude from the absence of differences between the two study groups that the Wills and DePaulo (1991) model of help-seeking behavior for mental problems does not apply to couples with sexual dysfunctions joining a bibliotherapy program who either primarily requested professional treatment or who responded to media advertising.
Discrepancies between genital responses and subjective sexual function during testosterone substitution in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Psychosexual dysfunction is often suggested the cause of the disturbed eating habits associated with hypothalamic secondary amenorrhea. In contrast, we explored the possibility that impaired sexual function may result from reduced levels of testosterone in amenorrheic subjects as a consequence of particular lifestyles. We studied the effects of erotic stimuli in two experiments, one comparing amenorrheic women to normal controls, the other comparing testosterone substitution to a placebo treatment. The amenorrheic women had a higher incidence of lifestyle and bodily conditions identified as risk factors for amenorrhea (i.e., weight loss before the onset of amenorrhea, low body weight, strenuous exercise, and vegetarianism), lower levels of testosterone, and impaired sexual function compared with normally menstruating women. In an experimental session in which amenorrheic women were asked to produce erotic fantasies, they demonstrated a reduced capacity for sexual fantasizing, less subjective sexual excitement, and less vaginal vasocongestion (vaginal pulse amplitude). However, when exposed to the stronger of two erotic film excerpts, the degree of vaginal response of the amenorrheic women was comparable to that of normally menstruating women. Subsequently, we showed that treatment with testosterone increased vaginal vasocongestion in the same amenorrheic women during exposure to the most potent visual stimulus but had no effect on subjective sexual experience. Testosterone substitution influenced physiological aspects of sexual function, but the psychological level remained unaffected.