Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Engelhardt.
The number and severity of gastric stress ulcers (= ulcer index) in rats caused by the restraint technique can be reduced by instilling water, hydrochloric acid or Ringer solution intraduodenally during the stress period. This effect is not caused by lower gastric acid, lower blood gastrin and glucagon and most likely not by an improved gastric mucosal microcirculation.
Gastric stress ulcers were produced by restraint in nonsecretory rats, and the response of the ulcer index to intraduodenal hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) was studied in a three-step dose-response trial. Both substances lowered the ulcer index dose-dependently (Km HCl 0.038 +/- Km NaCl 0.089 +/- 0.009 mM/kg/h, respectively) reaching a nadir in rats receiving HCl. The improvement in ulcerations was associated with elevated plasma secretin, glucose, and lowered gastrin in this protocol. In both experimental procedures plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was higher with the low and intermediate doses as compared with the high dose when a slight venous hyperosmolality was present. Glucagon and insulin remained essentially stable. It is concluded that stress ulcers of the restraint type may be prevented by intraduodenal HCl, suggesting that the interplay of gastrointestinal hormones is deranged by stress and partly restored by acid instillation.
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Microsurgery, intraductal pancreatic occlusion by an Ethibloc bolus and intravenous glucose load in the rat enable investigations to be made into the feed-back relationships between occlusion-induced acinar atrophy and the response of the islet hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and glucose tolerance. Thirteen days after duct occlusion the latter is moderately delayed from 40-60 min, serum insulin is lowered, plasma somatostatin unchanged, and plasma glucagon moderately elevated, as compared with sham-operated control animals. It is suggested that the employed experimental conditions reveal an exo-endocrine pancreatic functional axis, but that the results obtained are not representative for states with an intact entero-insular axis.
In male Sprague-Dawley rats a microsurgical technique for highly selective vagotomy (HSV; syn. proximal gastric vagotomy) and for superselective vagotomy (SSV; cutting of proximal vagal fibers but sparing the blood vessels) has been developed. Basal acid secretion in both preparations was appr. 60% lower than in sham-operated controls. Acid response to 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (35 mg/kg/h over 4 h) was negative in HSV and SSV rats, whereas in sham rats acid output rose significantly. HSV, during mild stress (= control conditions), renders rats more susceptible to gastric stress ulcerations, whereas SSV with intact mucosal blood flow protects gastric mucosa almost completely. Although SSV, during severe restraint stress, cannot prevent the stress-induced breakdown of mucosal blood flow, gastric ulcerations are reduced to 40% of HSV and sham-operated control rats. SSV appears an elegant tool in stress ulcer research.
In three groups--patients with recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU), patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), and healthy controls--citrate was measured enzymatically in 24 and in 2-hr urine after an overnight fast. Citrate excretion per 24 hr was significantly lower in RCU than in age and sex matched controls, whereas there was no significant difference in citrate excretion in urines from the 2-hr morning collection. In pHPT citrate was also lower than in controls and fell within the range of RCU of comparable age. Both categories of urines (24 and 2hr) have in common the characteristic that the actual citrate concentration is lower by 50 per cent in RCU and pHPT than in controls, mainly as a result of the higher urine volume. Correction of citrate for creatinine does not disclose further differences among the populations studied but conversely hampers exact interpretation of urinary citrate in the absence of strict separation of individuals according to sex and age. From these data we conclude that (i) a low excretion and concentration of urinary citrate is detectable in calcium lithiasis and may contribute to a deficiency in inhibitory activity against nucleating processes in stone-forming urine; and (ii) the differences in urinary citrate elicited in samples of 24 and 2-hr morning urine are of unknown origin and merit further investigations.
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Glucose tolerance test (oral standard glucose tolerance test) was carried out--before starting radiotherapy--in 99 female patients suffering from inoperable cancer of the genitals. 47 of these patients were administered gestonoroncapronate (600 mg/week) during radiotherapy. Glucose tolerance was tested anew after the last irradiation. During the first hour after the second glucose tolerance test, an improvement of glucose tolerance was stated in the patients' group treated with gestonoroncapronate, whereas during the second hour a deterioration of glucose tolerance was found. The patients' collective treated without gestonoroncapronate demonstrated an improved glucose tolerance during the entire second course of the test. A decrease of capacity of the islet cell organ, induced by gestonoroncapronate, is discussed.
In general, a diabetic woman may count upon delivering a healthy child--provided optimal antenatal care. Success or failure of pregnancy will in the individual case decisively depend on the experience and efforts of the attending physician. The directives for the care of pregnant diabetic women as practiced at the II. Univ.-Frauenklinik München are demonstrated.
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Report is made, in a comparative examination, about infant mortality and early morbidity, as well as about several further perinatal criteria in gestational diabetics, 85 of whom were delivered before/on the calculated date and 59 after the term. With the exception of weight and length of the newborn, no significant differences are occurring in any of the symptoms selected. The same situation appears in a control group consisting of people with healthy metabolism. Conclusion is made thereof that gestational diabetes per se does not represent an indication to terminate pregnancy at any rate on the calculated date.
Description of the course of disease concerning an intraligamentous pregnancy carried to full term, but diagnosed only during operation. Subsequent evaluation of the ultrasonic and cardiotocologic graphs. Constantly rectilinear pressure curves without uterine activities are interpreted as characteristic tocographic criteria of an advanced ectopic gravidity.
Carbohydrate metabolism was examined--by means of the 100-gm-glucose standard tolerance test--in 23 patients showing a decrease in glucose tolerance during pregnancy; the examinations were carried out postpartum and after a three months' intake of a hormonal contraceptive (compound preparation: mestranol 0.1 mg, lynestrenol 1.0 mg). The peak values and the two-hour-values, being statistically significant, showed a normalization after delivery, and furthermore again a deterioration of glucose tolerance during the intake of the preparation. A remarkable increase in weight, as a possible cause for the dysbolism during contraception, was not observed.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.