Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W E Wingfield

Publications and source records attributed to W E Wingfield.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: effect of volume.

Effect of liquid test meal volume on gastric emptying was investigated in healthy nonoperated dogs fed meal sizes of 6.6 to 110 ml/kg of body weight. For meals less than or equal to 66 ml/kg, the amount of test meal emptied from the stomach in 30 minutes vs meal size could be described as following a linear, exponential, or square root pattern. Deviation from these patterns was seen with test meals of 77, 88, and 110 ml/kg. A mean +/- SEM maximum of 0.99 +/- 0.06 ml/kg/min of liquid test meal was emptied from the stomach of dogs fed test meals of 77, 88, and 110 ml/kg. Massive gastric distension induced in dogs during this study did not alter gastric emptying of the liquid test meal.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gastric emptying of glucose in the dog.

The 30-minute gastric emptying of test meals consisting of 2.5%, 4%, 7%, 15%, or 25% glucose was evaluated in healthy, nonoperated dogs, using an orogastric intubation technique. An inversely proportional exponential relationship was found between test meal glucose concentration and amount of test meal emptied from the stomach in 30 minutes. For the 7%, 15%, and 25% glucose test meals, a mean (+/- SEM) of 1.11 +/- 0.03 kcal/min emptied into the duodenum, which represented 0.054 +/- 0.004 kcal/min/kg of body weight. Test meals of 2.5% and 4% glucose supplied significantly fewer kcal per minute to the duodenum than did the other 3 meals, indicating that control of gastric emptying of hypotonic glucose meals may be different than that of isotonic or hypertonic test meals in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Circumcostal gastropexy for preventing recurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus in the dog: an evaluation of 30 cases.

Follow-up evaluation (mean, 13.7 months) was obtained in 30 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus that were surgically treated with circumcostal gastropexy. Evaluation was performed by questionnaire (29 dogs), radiographic contrast studies (23 dogs), and necropsy (6 dogs). The gastropexy was thought to be intact in all 23 dogs examined radiographically. Necropsy of 6 dogs dying from causes unrelated to gastric dilatation-volvulus (mean of 12.7 months after surgery) revealed an intact gastropexy site in each dog. Only 1 (3.3%) dog had clinical recurrence of gastric dilatation after surgery. Five additional dogs dying postoperatively were necropsied and had intact gastropexy sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serum concentrations of thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, and prolactin in dogs before and after thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration.

Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin, thyroxine, and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in 15 euthyroid dogs and 5 thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil-treated dogs after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration were measured. Although thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil-treated dogs had higher (P less than 0.01) base-line concentrations of TSH in serum than did euthyroid dogs, concentrations of TSH after TRH administration varied at 7.5, 15, and 30 minutes with 14 of 45 samples obtained from healthy dogs having lower TSH concentrations than before TRH challenge. Similarly, concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the serum of euthyroid dogs 4 hours after TRH administration were similar (P less than 0.05) to concentrations before TRH challenge. Although the mean concentration of thyroxine in serum was elevated (P less than 0.05) 4 hours after administration of TRH to euthyroid animals, as compared with base-line levels, the individual response was variable with concentrations not changing or decreasing in 4 dogs. Therefore, the TRH challenge test as performed in the current investigation was of limited value in evaluating canine pituitary gland function. Although mean concentrations of TSH in serum were higher (P less than 0.05) in euthyroid dogs after TRH administration, the response was too variable among individual animals for accurate evaluation of pituitary gland function. Concentrations of prolactin in the sera of dogs after TRH administration, confirmed previous reports that exogenously administered TRH results in prolactin release from the canine pituitary and indicated that the TRH used was biologically potent.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: serial test meal and modified emptying-time techniques.

A serial test meal technique was used in the dog to evaluate the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal. On separate days, a phenol red test meal was placed in the stomach and completely aspirated at different times. A composite representation of the gastric emptying pattern was obtained for each dog, and a set of normative data was generated. Three emptying determinants (emptying time, half-life, and starting index) were calculated. The basic pattern of canine gastric emptying was linear and declined exponentially or as a function of the square root of the gastric volume. A modified emptying-time technique (METT) correlated well with the serial test meal and a set of normative values was determined. The METT was performed by aspirating test meal from the stomach 30 minutes after instillation. The METT was a simple and inexpensive technique that could be performed in 1 short testing period. With the METT, the half-life of gastric emptying was calculated, using the log of the percentage of retention of test meal; gastric emptying time was calculated, using the square root of the percentage of retention of test meal. Acetylpromazine was shown not to alter gastric emptying of a liquid test meal.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Gastric distention and gastrin in the dog.

Gastric distention was induced in intact dogs by giving a wide range of volumes (11 to 111 ml/kg) of a liquid test meal resulting in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity at 10 and 25 minutes after distention. There was no significant decrease in gastrin immunoreactivity from 10 to 25 minutes of gastric distention. Pretreatment with atropine abolished the distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control. There was no relationship between the distending volume and magnitude of gastrin increase.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1984

Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in eight dogs.

Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion was diagnosed in 8 dogs. The patients were typically males of large or giant breeds and a wide age range was represented. In all dogs clinical features of acute or chronic cardiac tamponade and right-sided heart failure were present. The pericardial effusion in each case was identified by thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Cytologic examination of the fluid did not allow differentiation from hemorrhagic effusions caused by neoplasia. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative in 5 dogs. In 6 cases, a presumptive diagnosis was based on the absence of cardiac masses on 2-dimensional echocardiography, contrast pericardiography, or both. The condition was managed successfully by partial pericardiectomy in 5 cases. The definitive diagnosis in each case was established by gross cardiac examination at surgery or necropsy and by histologic examination of tissues. Blood vessels and lymphatics of the parietal and visceral pericardia appeared to be the primary targets of the disease process.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in 45 dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) were found in dogs with acute GDV and in the fasted state after surgical treatment and recovery. The data suggested that dogs that have had GDV may have preexisting high plasma gastrin immunoreactivity. In dogs with acute GDV, plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was not found to be helpful in formulating prognosis. Circumcostal gastropexy did not affect plasma gastrin immunoreactivity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic assessment of congenital aortic stenosis in dogs.

Eleven dogs with congenital aortic stenosis were studied with M-mode echocardiography. In these dogs, the aorta was increased in dimension during diastole (P less than 0.02) and systole (P less than 0.05). The left ventricular outflow tract was decreased in dimension (P less than 0.01). There was premature, early systolic closure of the aortic valve in 45% of the dogs. Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was confirmed via echocardiography, as evidenced by increased dimension of the left ventricular wall (P less than 0.01) and interventricular septum (P less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve motion, cardiac structures, and ventricular function in dogs with atrial fibrillation.

Eleven dogs with atrial fibrillation were examined echocardiographically. During atrial fibrillation, there was no evidence of atrial contraction in the left ventricle or aorta, or on the mitral valve leaflets. Measurement of cardiac structures in echocardiograms showed decreased sizes for the aorta (P less than 0.01), interventricular septum (P less than 0.01), and posterior left ventricular wall (P less than 0.02). Evidence of decreased contractility of the left ventricle was noticed with the decreased amplitude of motion of the posterior left ventricular wall (P less than 0.001) and decreased fractional shortening (P less than 0.01). Not every QRS resulted in systolic or diastolic motion in the mitral and aortic valve leaflets, thus helping to account for the pulse deficits normally seen during atrial fibrillation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Twenty dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and 37 clinically normal dogs had arterial blood drawn for analysis of pH and blood gases. There was no statistically significant difference between values from the 2 groups. By calculation of the anion gap and by assessing arterial bicarbonate concentration, it appeared there were concomitant and offsetting factors, resulting in normal values for pH, blood gases, and anion gap in dogs with GDV. The results obtained indicated that sodium bicarbonate therapy should not be used in dogs with GDV.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

Applications of ultrasound to veterinary diagnostics in a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animal patients at Colorado State University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital as well as beagles at the Collaborative Radiological Health Laboratory (CRHL) have been routinely evaluated using a variety of ultrasonic procedures that are commonplace in human medicine. The results from these clinical investigations have provided diagnostic information which in many cases has not been available using other clinical testing methods. Dogs, cats, horses, and cattle have been the primary animals evaluated, but more exotic subjects such as rabbits, ferrets, goats, and armadillos have also been examined. Standard M mode echocardiographic and classic contact scanning have been used to evaluate the heart and abdominal-pelvic areas respectively. Recently, real time scanning has been added to our capabilities for evaluating animal subjects. These clinical studies, while obviously adding to veterinary diagnostics have also become an exciting new area in the veterinary teaching program. Ultrasound has shown potential in a variety of studies employing animal models, i.e., aging effects on the heart in beagles and anthracycline-induced myocardial dysfunction in rabbits.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Waste anesthetic gas exposures to veterinarians and animal technicians.

A survey of veterinarians was conducted in an 11-county region of eastern Colorado to determine the extent of usage of inhalation anesthetics and to measure exposures of veterinarians and their assistants to waste anesthetic gases. The survey indicated that inhalation anesthetics were used in 80.8% of the 210 practices. Exposures to waste anesthetics in veterinary practices were far less than reported in human hospitals. Waste anesthetic concentrations were affected by size of the patient, type of breathing system, and use of scavenging systems. Dilution ventilation had no effect on breathing zone concentrations. The endotracheal tube and occasionally the anesthetic machine were the major sources of leakage of anesthetic gases.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Echocardiography in assessing mitral valve motion in 3 horses with atrial fibrillation.

Echocardiography is a non-invasive, safe means of assessing intracardiac structures and their motion. In the normal motion of the mitral valve there is anterior motion noted during atrial systole. In 3 horses with atrial fibrillation the mitral valve motion had no anterior motion to correspond with atrial contractions. Quinidine returned the electrocardiogram of one horse to a sinus rhythm after which echocardiography demonstrated the reappearance of the anterior motion of the mitral valve.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Physiologic changes in awake goats after experimentally induced pericardial effusion.

Awake, unmedicated goats were used to study the physiologic effects of experimentally induced acute pericardial effusion. With an increase in pericardial volumes, there was a significant (P < 0.01) linear decrease in the cardiac index. This decrease was apparently due to the decrease in stroke index (P < 0.01) rather than to a decrease in heart rate. Peripheral vascular resistance in both the systemic and pulmonary arteries increased. The aortic pressure initially fell, but later rose with an increase in pericardial volumes. Pulmonary arterial pressures decreased with an increase in pericardial volumes. Pressure in the right atrium were significantly elevated (P < 0.01) with an increase in pericardial volumes.

Animals↗