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Biomedical subjects

W E Moore

Publications and source records attributed to W E Moore.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Intravascular neutrophilic granulocyte kinetics in horses.

Intravascular granulocyte kinetics in 4 healthy horses were determined with chromium-51 as the cell label. The disappearance rate of labeled granulocytes was an exponential function. Mean total blood granulocyte pool (+/- 1 SD) was 5.65 +/- 1.514 X 10(8) granulocytes/kg of body weight, of which 2.71 +/- 0.715 X 10(8) granulocytes/kg were circulating and 2.94 +/- 0.876 X 10(8) granulocytes/kg were marginated along blood vessel walls. The mean disappearance half-life (T1/2) was 10.5 +/- 1.33 hours and the mean granulocyte turnover rate was 8.84 +/- 1.495 X 10(8) granulocytes/kg/day. A granulokinetic trial performed on a horse recovering from a recent infection revealed increases in all granulokinetic measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of etiocholanolone and prednisolone on intravascular granulocyte kinetics in horses.

The functional capacity of the marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) in 4 adult horses was studied, using 51Cr-labeled leukocytes. The mean increase in the peripheral granulocyte count following injections of etiocholanolone (0.3 mg/kg) was 870 granulocytes/mm3, and the mean increase following prednisolone administration (200 mg) was 5,880 granulocytes/mm3. Etiocholanolone failed to mobilize the MGR and decreased the rate of granulocyte egress from the blood. Prednisolone rapidly mobilized the MGR and markedly decreased the granulocyte specific activity during the first 3 hours after injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins for studies of bacterial floras.

A polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis procedure was used to compare cellular proteins from bacterial isolates of gingival crevice floras. Isolates with identical protein patterns consistently were shown to be members of the same species. When used to screen isolates, the procedure reduced total analytical time and expense without sacrificing accuracy, and it provided additional verification of the identity of strains characterized by conventional phenotypic tests.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

An asymmetric screen pair for angiography.

Commercially available rare-earth screens are mechanically softer and less abrasion resistant than calcium tungstate screens. This leads to problems in radiography without the use of cassettes in areas where particulate matter appears. The benefits of an asymmetric screen pair in Schonander changers in which the movable front screen is calcium tungstate and the back screen is a Du Pont Quanta III are investigated. The image is sharper, the quantum mottle is less apparent, the speed remains high, and the physical durability of the system is improved in comparison to a pair of Quanta III screens.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Impact of drug substitution legislation--implications for continuing education for Michigan pharmacists.

In June 1974, Michigan Public Law 155 was enacted. This law permits a pharmacist to exercise drug product selection under specified conditions. The intent of the legislation is to achieve savings in prescription drug costs by encouraging pharmacists to dispense less costly, generically equivalent products. For this legislation to be effective, there have to be many substitutable products for a sufficient number of drugs; there has to be minimal interference with pharmacists' judgment; and pharmacists must be aware of the products available. As part of a survey, we attempted to measure physicians' and pharmacists' knowledge of generically equivalent products. Pharmacists demonstrated a higher level of knowledge of drug products. Continuing education must respond to the needs of more complicated societal demands.

Education, Pharmacy, Continuing↗
PubMed1980

Effect of chronic lead exposure on the canine bone marrow.

The effect of chronic oral led acetate administration on canine bone marrow was studied. Two dogs (group 1) were used as controls, 4 dogs (group 2) were given 2 mg of lead/kg of body weight daily, and 4 dogs (group 3) were given 5 mg of lead/kg daily. After a 7-day stabilizaion period, lead dosing was conducted for 91 days (13 weeks), after which half of each group was treated with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. All dogs were then observed for another 28 days (4 weeks). Blood lead values and bone marrow cellular changes were monitored once a week during the 126 days (18 weeks) of study. Lead-dosed dogs had lower weight gains than the controls. Clinical signs of toxicosis were observed after 6 weeks in one dog in group 3. Anorexia, body weight loss, CNS depression, muscular weakness, and trembling were seen. Blood lead concentrations increased in all group 2 and 3 dogs. Lead caused increases in bone marrow segmented neutrophils and myeloid series cells, and increased myeloid:erythroid ratios. Blood lead concentrations and myeloid:erythroid ratios decreased after cessation of lead administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of economic effects of drug product selection legislation.

Drug product selection legislation is intended to achieve savings in the cost of prescription drugs without adversely affecting the quality of care by allowing pharmacists the opportunity to dispense less costly generically equivalent drug products in place of the product which had been prescribed by the physician. Various conditions under which the pharmacists are authorized by state laws to exercise theoption to substitute are discussed. The study then identifies and examines the conditions under which savings may and do occur, using the legislation in Michigan as the model. Over 60,000 acutal prescriptions were examined for the three-year period, April 1, 1974 through March 31, 1977--which covers the period of the year immediately before the legislation became effective and the two subsequent years-to determine: 1) the extent to which substitution is possible; 2) potential savings from generic substitution; and 3) very substantial potential cost savings from drug product selection, the actual savings represent only an extremely small proportion of the potential. This principally is due to the fact of the low rate of substitution among eligible prescriptions. Thus, if the gap between actual and potential savings is to be reduced, more attention must be given to affecting the pattern of drug selection among pharmacists.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1979

New markers for Eubacterium lentum.

Of 37 strains of Eubacterium lentum and phenotypically similar organisms, 26 (70%) synthesized a corticoid 21-dehydroxylase and/or a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It appeared that the corticoid 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was identical to the bile acid 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Steroid-metabolizing enzymes were found both in E. lentum and in phenotypically similar organisms. E. lentum is characterized by nitrate reduction and enhanced growth in the presence of arginine. Many phenotypically similar organisms possess either one or the other of the two markers. In contrast, using the steroid-metabolizing enzymes as markers, a "steroid-active" and a "steroid-inactive" group were established with minimal overlapping of metabolic characteristics. Synthesis of the steroid enzymes was positively correlated with production of gas from H2O2 and formation of H2S. A simple method for the detection of corticoid 21-dehydroxylase and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, one or both of which were present in 92% of the steroid-active group, is described.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1979

Fecal bacteria in South African rural blacks and other population groups.

Quantitative studies were performed on fecal flora of three population groups consuming different diets. Twenty rural black South Africans and 22 Japanese, representing groups at low risk for carcinoma of the colon, were compared with 41 North Americans from a high-risk population. Specimens taken immediately after defecation were mixed and processed under anaerobic conditions. After the initial incubation, roll tubes were shipped to the United States for final identification. Bacterioides and bifidobacteria were present in lower numbers in South African subjects, as were Bacteroides uniformis (thought to be increased by conditions of fear and anger stress), compared with the other two groups. The number of B. vulgatus and B. distasonis and the "Peptostreptococcus productus species complex," showed a positive correlation with the risk of colon cancer, while an inverse relationship was found with Eubacterium aerofaciens II, B. fragilis and Escherichia coli. The percentage of fecal isolates stimulated by bile was slightly higher in populations with a high fat intake and a high risk of cancer of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of dietary protein and stage of lactation on the haematology and erythrocyte enzymes activities of high-producing dairy cattle.

Blood samples were collected monthly over a nine-month period from 19 high-producing Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Dry cows on the lowest (13 per cent) protein ration had the highest mean values for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (RBC). Among the lactating cows, the group on the 13 per cent protein diet had the highest mean PCV, Hb and RBC values. Other constituents were not affected significantly by dietary protein levels. Packed cell volume, RBC, Hb, serum iron (SI), iron binding capacity (IBC) and serum albumin concentrations decreased early in lactation and rose to pre-lactation levels by mid-lactation. PCV and Hb concentrations remained low for periods up to four months. RBC count was lowest in the second month while albumin concentration was lowest in the first month and remained low up to the second month. IBC was lowest in the first month of lactation while SI concentrations were lowest in the third month. There were no significant variations in the activities of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The 13 per cent protein ration had no anaemia-inducing effect on the cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Some current concepts in intestinal bacteriology.

Quantitative studies of the fecal flora of populations at different risk of colon cancer indicate that the relative proportions of some particular species of bacteria rather than of different genera of bacteria may be correlated with colon cancer incidence. Since the metabolic activity of different species in each genus varies widely, a shift in proportions of species could cause a major change in total metabolic activity in the individual. In samples taken from various areas of the intestinal tract and in scrapings from the intestinal wall, the composition of the flora remained relatively constant from the ascending colon to the rectum. Therefore, the bacteria in feces do reflect the flora of the large colon. The composition of the flora was not significantly affected by drastic changes in diet, but statistically significant shifts in the proportions of some species were noted in individuals under conditions of anger or fear stress. Although diet may not change the flora the individual maintains, the bacteria present may convert the different substrates provided by a high-fat diet as opposed to a high-fiber diet into metabolites that are potentially carcinogenic. The conversion of dietary components to carcinogenic compounds, identification of the bacteria capable of effecting such conversions, and the conditions favoring the proliferation of such bacteria will be investigated in greater detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Superoxide dismutase in anaerobes: survey.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was present in 23 of 28 strains of the genus Bacteroides tested. Several clostridia, anaerobic cocci, and anaerobic, grampositive, nonsporing rods contained measureable SOD, but the frequency of SOD occurrence was much lower than in the bacteroides. These data indicate that there is a large variation in SOD levels between genera and among species within a genus of anaerobic bacteria. There was also no correlation between source of isolate, SOD levels, and presumed pathogenicity of the isolate.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

Urease assay and urease-producing species of anaerobes in the bovine rumen and human feces.

A growth medium and test were developed for rapid detection of urease in fermentative anaerobic bacteria. Using nonselective rumen fluid roll-tube agar medium and the new test, it was confirmed that Peptostreptococcus productus is often the most numerous urease-forming species in human feces. Also, some fecal strains of Ruminococcus albus, Clostridium innocuum, and Clostridium beijerinckii produced urease. Single strains of Fusobacterium prausnitzii, Coprococcus catus, and Streptococcus mitis that were strongly ureolytic on isolation later lost this ability. Urease activity was also detected in many strains of nonselectively isolated rumen species. They include Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Treponema sp., Ruminococcus bromii (not previously known to be present in the rumen), Butyrivibrio sp., Bifidobacterium sp., Bacteroides ruminicola, and P. productus. Most P. productus strains contain urease; however, the uniformity of this feature in the other species noted above is not known. The urease in many of these species was not detected if the growth medium contained 0.2% or more (each) yeast extract and Trypticase.

Ammonia↗