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Biomedical subjects

W E Copeland

Publications and source records attributed to W E Copeland.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Dynamic urethral pressure/profilometry pressure transmission ratio determinations in stress-incontinent and stress-continent subjects.

Bladder-to-urethra pressure transmission ratios were calculated in each quarter (designated Q1 through Q4) of the dynamic urethral pressure profile in 110 subjects. Thirty-seven subjects had genuine stress urinary incontinence, whereas 73 were stress continent. Subjects with genuine stress incontinence had significantly lower mean (+/- SD) pressure transmission ratios in all four urethral quarters compared with stress-continent subjects: 71% +/- 14% versus 94% +/- 38% for Q1 (p = 0.004), 69% +/- 16% versus 101% +/- 42% for Q2 (p = 0.00001), 79% +/- 19% versus 113% +/- 46% for Q3 (p = 0.0001), and 90% +/- 22% versus 117% +/- 36% for Q4 (p = 0.001). A pressure transmission ratio value less than 90% in the proximal half of the dynamic profile had a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 56%, an abnormal predictive value of 53%, and a normal predictive value of 97%. Calculation of pressure transmission ratios, as opposed to declaring the stress profile positive or negative based on whole urethra/bladder pressure equalization with stress, enhances the utility of the dynamic urethral pressure profile and allows quantification of one of the several variable in the equation of stress urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Non-neuromuscular determinants of intraluminal urethral pressure in the female baboon: relative importance of vascular and nonvascular factors.

The female urethral sphincteric mechanism has both neuromuscular and non-neuromuscular components. The latter component has several determinants, including the urethral mucosa, the connective tissue of the urethra and periurethra, and the submucosal vascular bed. This study was designed to characterize the non-neuromuscular component of the urethral pressure profile (UPP) by quantitating the relative contributions of its vascular and non-vascular determinants in four female baboons. Following minimization of the smooth muscle and striated muscle determinants (the neuromuscular component) with halothane and pancuronium bromide, UPPs were performed before and after aortic occlusion. It is concluded that vascular and non-vascular factors contribute nearly equally to the non-neuromuscularly generated portion of intraluminal urethral pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Urethral isolation of the genital mycoplasmas and Chlamydia trachomatis in women with chronic urologic complaints.

Eighty-six abacteriuric women with chronic urologic complaints were studied to determine the relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum to their symptoms or diagnoses. All patients had urethral scrape specimens for isolation of the three organisms as well as a detailed urologic history and urodynamic evaluation. Thirty-three of 86 patients (38%) had positive urethral ureaplasma cultures; seven had concurrent M. hominis isolation. No patient had M. hominis as the only urethral isolate and none had a positive C. trachomatis culture. There were no significant differences in urologic symptoms or in urodynamic diagnoses between Ureaplasma culture-positive and culture-negative subjects. It was also found that colonization of the urethra with Ureaplasma decreased with increasing age and with hypoestrogenism.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1975

Plasma renin and aldosterone in an abdominal pregnancy with toxemia.

The first reported measurement of plasma renin and aldosterone in toxemia with an abdominal pregnancy is presented. In contrast to toxemia where plasma renin and aldosterone are either normal or low, extraordinarily high levels of both were found in this patient which returned to normal after delivery. The role of extrarenal renin in the hypertension of toxemia is discussed and the possibility raised that the elevated renin in this case was of placental origin.

Adult↗