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Biomedical subjects

W E Allen

Publications and source records attributed to W E Allen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Inflammatory components in uterine fluid from mares with experimentally induced bacterial endometritis.

Exudate and uterine flushings were collected at either 30, 60, 120 or 240 mins after intrauterine infusions of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in genitally normal mares during oestrus. Uteri were also flushed without prior induction of endometritis. Protein concentrations in exudate and flushings increased with time and exudate pH decreased with time; the pH of flushings did not alter. Lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase were present in flushings from non-infected uteri, but concentrations increased with time after infection. Immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 was undetectable before infection, but concentrations rose after infection. No neutrophils were present in non-infected flushings but, by 30 mins, there were significant (P less than 0.01) neutrophil numbers in exudate and flushings; thereafter numbers increased, particularly in exudate. Acute endometritis resembled acute inflammation at other sites in the horse and a significant response had occurred by 30 mins after experimental infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of cellulose acetate/nitrate filters for measuring the motility of dog spermatozoa.

A modified chemotaxis chamber was used to evaluate cellulose acetate/nitrate filters for the measurement of dog sperm motility. The distance travelled into the filters was affected by filter pore size, incubation time and sperm concentration. After storage of spermatozoa at 37 degrees C the distance penetrated into the filters reflected the deterioration of the sample, but was not as sensitive a measure as the mean sperm velocity or the percentage of motile spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An investigation into the origin of the first fraction of the canine ejaculate.

Histological examination of the reproductive tract of the male dog failed to identify glandular tissue other than the prostate gland and its disseminated portion. A biochemical study of the three fractions of the ejaculate demonstrates similarities between the first and the third fractions. The composition of three ejaculates collected over 12 hours indicated that storage of prostatic secretion was a possible explanation for the biochemical differences observed. It is suggested that both the first and third fractions originate from the prostate gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Current views on the pathogenesis of bacterial endometritis in mares.

Mares with persistent and recurrent endometritis are said to be susceptible to infection; in particular they are unable to resolve the acute endometritis that always follows mating. It is thought, therefore, that these mares have a local immunological defect in the uterus that impedes the elimination of bacteria. Studies on immunoglobulins, opsonins and the functional ability of neutrophils in the uterus of susceptible mares have not confirmed the presence of an impaired immune response. It is concluded that factors involved in the production and drainage of uterine fluid may be important in the aetiology of the condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of radioimmunoassay with quantitative and qualitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for plasma progestogen detection in bitches.

Plasma samples were obtained from seven bitches during 10 oestrous periods. Progestogen concentrations were determined in 182 samples by radioimmunoassay and by both quantitative and qualitative enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) commercial kits. The concentrations determined by the quantitative ELISA were consistently higher than those measured by radioimmunoassay although the values were highly and significantly correlated. The qualitative ELISA readily distinguished between low and high progestogen concentrations, ie, less than 1.0 ng/ml and greater than 2.6 ng/ml measured by radioimmunoassay. Sequential evaluation with either kit, especially when combined with vaginal cytology, should be useful in determining the optimum time for mating.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of pregnancy and foaling on intravaginal pressure in pony mares.

Pressures were recorded monthly at two sites in the vagina of each of five pregnant and five nonpregnant pony mares; pressures in five mares were also recorded weekly after foaling. The developing pregnancy did not influence pressure, and after foaling the integrity of the seal formed by the caudal reproductive tract was rapidly restored.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

The effect of weight on intravaginal pressure and vulval conformation of mares.

Pressures were recorded monthly at two sites in the vaginas of nine horse mares with normal vulval conformation. The pressures were lowest when the mares' weights were minimal, and there was evidence of a descending pressure gradient from the vestibule to the cervix. Loss of body weight was also associated with shortening and angulation of the vulva, although it was not displaced above the pelvic brim.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Absorption of two trimethoprim/sulphonamide combinations from the uterus of pony mares.

Plasma drug concentrations were measured after two commercially available potentiated sulphonamides, trimethoprim and sulfadoxine and trimethoprim and sulphadiazine, were infused daily for 2 and 3 days, respectively, into the uteri of pony mares which had been mated before ovulation. Intravenous administration of trimethoprim and sulfadoxine allowed uterine absorption of trimethoprim (23-43%) and sulfadoxine (29-34%) to be calculated. After intra-uterine administration trimethoprim and sulphadiazine were detected in the milk of a lactating mare. In order to maintain plasma concentrations likely to be required for clinical efficacy of both drugs they should be administered every 12 h. However, infusions of both preparations caused endometrial inflammation as assessed by cytological and histological examination and this may have been responsible for the low pregnancy rate.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Crystallization patterns in anterior vaginal fluid from bitches in oestrus.

Bitches exhibited a characteristic arborization pattern of the fluid from the anterior vagina during pro-oestrus and oestrus. These changes were monitored together with conventional vaginal cytology and plasma oestrogen and progestagen concentrations. A classical ferning pattern, similar to that seen in bovine cervical mucus at oestrus, occurred after the peak in plasma oestrogen concentrations. Ferning was most intense after the second peak of cornification of vaginal epithelial cells. It is suggested that a 'Ferning Index', when combined with conventional vaginal cytology, can be of use in determining the optimum mating time in the bitch.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Real-time ultrasonic imaging of the ovary and uterus of the dog.

The reproductive tracts of 50 bitches were ultrasonically imaged to evaluate the appearance of the uterus and ovaries at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Ovarian follicular growth was observed throughout the oestrous period. Follicles increased in size slowly until 7 days after the onset of pro-oestrus. Thereafter there was a rapid increase in diameter, indicating impending ovulation. The maximum recorded follicular diameter was 13 mm. It was not possible to observe ovulation since in the bitch follicles do not collapse as rapidly as in other species. During the post-ovulatory period there was a gradual loss of follicle shape and an increase in wall thickness. It was not possible to image the uterus of prepubertal bitches or young nulliparous bitches in anoestrus. During pro-oestrus and oestrus the uterus became increasingly hypoechoic with central regions of hyperechogenicity, which may represent uterine oedema. Uterine involution was observed in 5 bitches, and a rapid change in uterine diameter occurred over the first 3 days post partum. The ultrasonographic appearance was characteristic at this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The early chemotactic reaction of the equine uterus to acute inflammatory stimulation].

The uteri of normal pony mares in oestrus were infected experimentally with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Uterine contents were collected 30, 60, 120 or 240 minutes later and were tested for their chemotactic effect on equine-neutrophils both with a morphological assay based on neutrophil shape changes and with a modified Boyden chamber technique. By 30 minutes after infection the uterine contents were markedly chemotactic for isolated peripheral neutrophils and remained so at the 240-minute collection. Uterine contents from uninfected mares had minimal chemotactic properties. These results could explain the early neutrophil response to acute endometritis in the mare which probably involves activation of an endogenous chemotactic system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Pre-chemotactic and chemotactic properties of uterine fluid from mares with experimentally induced endometritis.

Streptococcal endometritis was induced experimentally in pony mares during oestrus. Uterine fluid was collected 30, 60, 120 or 240 minutes later and tested for its effect on the in vitro morphology and chemotaxis of equine neutrophils by two independent methods. The maximal response occurred between 30 and 60 minutes after infection and persisted until 240 minutes. The chemo-attractant contained both heat labile and heat stable components and the latter appeared to be active at low concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Absorption of neomycin from the equine uterus: effect of bacterial and chemical endometritis.

Plasma concentrations of neomycin were measured after intrauterine infusion of 3.3 mg/kg neomycin sulphate. Mares infected two hours previously with an intra-uterine infusion of beta-haemolytic streptococci absorbed approximately 12 per cent of the neomycin in both the oestrous and the luteal phases of the cycle. Normal mares in oestrus absorbed 6 per cent of the neomycin infused and luteal mares absorbed 56 per cent. In infected mares the peak plasma concentrations occurred two hours after neomycin infusion, earlier than in healthy mares. Cervical flushings after neomycin infusion in infected luteal mares revealed an increased reflux of neomycin when compared with healthy mares. Prior infusion of 30 ml of 10 per cent Lugol's iodine into the uterus resulted in 31 per cent of neomycin being absorbed by oestrous mares and 64 per cent by mares in the luteal phase. Peak plasma concentrations occurred 30 minutes after infusion in both phases. In the luteal phase the mares' absorption of neomycin may have been maximal.

Absorption↗