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Biomedical subjects

W Dietz

Publications and source records attributed to W Dietz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Radiographic investigation during medico-legal autopsies (author's transl)].

During the last 13 years (1968-1980), 427 radiographic examinations were carried out during the course of medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Free University of Berlin. Important problems were the demonstration of retained foreign bodies resulting from shooting, stabbing or blunt trauma, bone injuries, identification, and the question of life in neonates. An historical survey is given and 12 cases with special forensic problems are illustrated and discussed, and further means of investigation are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Validation of saliva sampling for total body water determination by H2 18O dilution.

The use of saliva sampling for the measurement of total body water by H2 18O stable isotope dilution was assessed. The H2 18O abundance in saliva reached a constant value by three hours after isotope administration, and the total body water calculated from the 3-h saliva values was not significantly different from the value calculated from the 4- and 6-h serum samples. The results indicated that isotopic equilibration between these fluids was rapid and complete. Comparison of total body water calculated from the paired serum and saliva studies indicated that the relative precision of the determination was between 0.8 and 1.5%. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and is well suited for use in children in field studies.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1982

[A comparative morphological and chemical study of the ambroxol and chlorphentermine action on the lung phospholipid content (author's transl)].

The influence of chronic administration of ambroxol on the phospholipid-(PL-) content and ultrastructure of lungs has been studied and compared with the effect of chlorphentermine (chlph.). Both drugs are amphiphilic substances. The causative factor of the well-known chlph. induced phospholipidosis-like alterations was suggested to be an inhibition of enzymatic degradation of PL. Rats were intraperitoneally treated five times per week for two weeks with chlph. (0,2 mMol per kg b.w.) and ambroxol (0.2 mMol per kg b.w.), respectively. Lung, heart, liver, kidney and spleen were light microscopically examined, and the lung was studied by electron microscopy. Furthermore, the PL-content of the whole lung tissue, the proportion of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the lung weight/body weight ratio (LM/KM) as well as the dry weight/wet weight ratio (TM/FM) of the lung was calculated. The application of chlph, induced an excessive PL-storage in the lung as indicated by an increase of the PL-content, of the PC-proportion as well as of the LM/KM and TM/FM ratio. The accumulated PL are detectable by electron microscopy, mainly in the lysosomes of macrophages appearing as lamellar or crystalloid inclusions. On the contrary, chronic application of ambroxol does not cause any substantial changes especially no abnormal lysosomal PL-inclusions. Therefore, it is suggested that ambroxol does not interfere with the PL-metabolism in a way comparable to that of the chlph. action.

Ambroxol↗
PubMed1980

Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water.

Deuterium or tritium labeled water traditionally has been used for the measurement of total body water by application of the dilution principle. However, these methods have not enjoyed wide clinical use. The use of deuterium is hampered by the tedious and time consuming nature of the analysis while the use of tritium involves a radiation hazard. In addition, exchange of the label with nonaqueous hydrogen in the body raises questions about the accuracy of total body water values. To determine if water labeled with the stable isotope 18O can yield faster and more accurate results, total body water was measured simultaneously using water labeled with both 18O and 2H. The 18O and 3H dilutions were measured by mass spectrometry. The relative precision of the body water value using the 18O method was 2% for both serum and breath analysis. The 18O was fully equilibrated within 2 to 3 hr after administration, and results from the analysis of breath CO2 could be readily obtained within 1 hr after sampling. The H2(18)O dilution space averaged 3.0% (SE = 0.4) less than the 2HHO dilution space, because the latter exchanges with nonaqueous hydrogen. For this reason, the H2(18)O dilution should be a more accurate measure of total body water than the 3HHO dilution.

Body Water↗
PubMed1979

Parenteral feeding in the management of children with cancer.

Total parenteral nutrition TPN has been used to treat or prevent malnutrition in 65 children with a variety of solid tumors and leukemia in the past 7 years. TPN was used in 58 patients with gastrointestinal complications of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation; in 2 patients for preoperative correction of malnutrition; and in 8 who were entered into a prospective study. During TPN, general nutrition and appearance improved in all patients. Weight gain was noted in most. Despite gastrointestinal complications, which usually require the interruption of chemotherapy and radiation, treatment could be continued at full dose in 31 children with nutritional support by TPN. TPN was discontinued in 6 patients when blood cultures became positive. Sepsis was treated successfully by removal of the central venous catheter in all 6 and administration of antibiotics in 3. TPN appears to be safe and effective means of combating malnutrition which may occur with cancer and its therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of alterations in the histamine-diamine oxidase system during acute intestinal ischaemia in pigs, dogs and rabbits; evidence for a uniform pathophysiological mechanism?

Among various vasoactive substances histamine was also suggested to induce circulatory arrest following superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Thus the involvement of the histamine-diamine oxidase system was studied in intestinal ischaemia using three animal species. In pigs, dogs and rabbits aminoguanidine, the specific inhibitor of diamine oxidase, shortened the survival time after mesenteric infarction. Under these conditions the diamine oxidase activity in the intestinal wall was reduced in animals treated by saline whereas the histamine content was not altered significantly. Plasma histamine levels were increased considerably in the portal vein of pigs during the revascularization period if the animal were pretreated by aminoguanidine. Similar findings were obtained in dogs. It was concluded that in all three species investigated the diamine oxidase protects the organism against the deleterious effects of at least one of its vasoactive substrates-histamine.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1979

Lung alterations in newborn rabbits after maternal thrombin-shock. I. Morphological alterations.

Alterations of the lung structure, especially of the pneumocytes type II, of asphyxied newborn rabbits were investigated. Experiments were carried out on pregnant does shocked by thrombin- and Pamba-applications on the 28th, 29th and 30th day of gestation and on their newborns delivered by caesarian section at these days and killed after one or five hours life-time. Histologically, adult rabbits show characteristic alterations in an early phase of the shock. Lung alterations are the main findings in the newborns. Atelectases and, additionally, disturbances of circulation, permeability and also hyaline thrombi are seen. Lamellar bodies within the pneumocytes type II show a significant decrease of the lamellae and the whole osmiophilic material. The alterations of immature newborns are more severe than those of mature animals and also more severe after the longer life-time. These alterations are considered as a result of decreased synthesis of surface active phospholipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Preparation of hybrid antibodies with mouse IgG and ferritin specifities for the immune electron microscopic detection of cell membrane antigens].

Use of hybrid antibodies with one specifity for mouse-IgG and the other one for ferritin is particularly suitable for immune electron microscopical detection of cell surface antigens. Preparation of antibodies of such kind is described, whereby the method introduced by HMMERLING et al. is varied within some steps of preparation. These variations are discussed here. Activity of produced hybrid antibodies is demonstrated by labeling the THY 1.1. antigen on the cell surface of the thymocytes of the mouse. The advantages of utilizing the hybrid antibodies in comparison with known immune electron microscopical techniques are an excellent location of the antigens, the possibility of using distinct particles for labeling, the application of a multiple labeling, and the fact that investigations by both the transmission and the scanning electron microscope can be carried out by means of the same preparation of hybrid antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[A case of central core disease. Electronmicroscopic studies (author's transl)].

A biopsy taken from the right m. gastrocnemius of a sporadic case of central core disease has been investigated by electronmicroscopy. Both longitudinal and cross sections show cores, which are partially in the centre and partially near the sarcolemma of the muscle fibres. These cores are more or less sharply delimited from the intact areas of the muscle fibres. A zone showing a severe destruction of the regularly fibrillar structure is observed in the centre of each core. This destruction zone is surrounded by a transition zone, in which a partial lesion of the fibrillar structure is found whereas the sarcomeric segmentation is preserved. The width of the interfibrillar sarcoplasm is reduced, frequently, however, mitochondria containing cristae of normal structure are observed. The cores are foundlimited by target fibres. Pathogenetically, the damages of z-lines are assumed to be dominant in the formation of the cores.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

[Electron microscopical findings in the sural nerve of twins with metachromatic leukodystrophy. An attempt to classify the findings according to distinctive phases of the disease (author's transl)].

Sural nerve biopsies taken from a pair of twins with metachromatic leukodystrophy were investigated by electron microscopy. The morphological findings showed distinct alterations. In the first twin the particularity was a large number of granules containing sulfatides. In the second twin, however, the main finding was a damage of myelin sheaths evidently caused by an excessive and morphologically as well as chemically defective myelin formation. According to the grading given by Ulrich the first case corresponds to the stadium one, in which a storage of sulfatides dominates, whereas case two showing a severe damage of myelin sheaths is characteristic of the second stadium of metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Biopsy↗