Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W D Reid

Publications and source records attributed to W D Reid.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Respiratory muscle training.

The application of skeletal muscle training principles to the respiratory muscles is a relatively new field. Strength and endurance training of the respiratory muscles can be achieved in normal humans and in patients with neuromuscular and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Careful monitoring is required throughout a training program to ensure that the respiratory muscles are, in fact, being trained. This is a promising area, although further research is necessary to determine the indications for respiratory muscle training. Furthermore, it is still necessary to determine the optimal mode of training.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1986

Fetal megaureters masquerading as bowel obstruction.

As a result of repeated ultrasound assessments for determination of gestational age, more congenital anomalies are detected in the fetus. Early diagnosis has serious implications for both mother and fetus. We present our experience in the management of a male fetus with obstructive uropathy diagnosed at seventeen weeks of gestation. In serial ultrasounds the tortuous megaureters were mistaken for distended loops of bowel. When the question of obstructive uropathy is raised, and the bladder cannot be visualized, administration of diuretics to the mother may promote fetal bladder filling. Since the advent of intrauterine surgical intervention, distinguishing between megaureters and obstructive bowel disease may have important clinical implications.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1986

Neonatal renal candidiasis: sonographic diagnosis.

With improved survival of very-low-birth-weight infants, the incidence of neonatal renal candidiasis is increasing. The clinical and sonographic features of four premature infants with renal candidiasis are presented. Both parenchymal and intrapelvic renal lesions, with or without hydronephrosis, were detected. Abdominal sonography is a useful noninvasive technique for the diagnosis and follow-up management of renal candidiasis. Early diagnosis allows prompt intervention with antifungal therapy and should increase survival.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1984

Hydrocephalus diagnosed prenatally. Outcome of surgical therapy.

4 children with hydrocephalus diagnosed prenatally by uterine ultrasound are presented. In spite of severe hydrocephalus at birth, 3 of the 4 are normal 3.5-5.5 years following surgical therapy. The implications of hydrocephalus diagnosed prenatally are discussed.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of obstruction of nasopharyngeal CPAP tubes by adequate humidification of inspired gases.

Nasopharyngeal CPAP is a simple and useful technique for increasing FRC and stimulating respiration in small premature infants. However, as it is essentially a non-rebreathing technique, the gases used should be warmed and saturated to the level normally found in the pharynx with no artificial airway present (31 degrees to 33 degrees C, 90 per cent plus relative humidity). If this is not done, crusting, mucous plugging, atelectasis, hypoxia, and infection will occur rapidly. Excess humidity should also be avoided.

Humans↗
PubMed1973

Necrotizing enterocolitis--a medical approach to treatment.

Ten cases of necrotizing enterocolitis occurred among 5400 infants delivered consecutively during a two and one-half year period at the Halifax Infirmary. Since this disease involved such extensive areas of the intestinal wall, medical management was employed exclusively, even when intestinal perforation occurred. Nine of the ten infants survived.In this series there was a high incidence of prematurity, prolonged interval between rupture of the placental membranes and delivery, severe asphyxia neonatorum and subsequent hypotension and metabolic acidosis. Blood cultures grew Klebsiella aerobacter or E. coli in 7/10 infants. Only two of these organisms were sensitive to kanamycin and all were resistant to ampicillin. Administration of ampicillin to the mothers did not protect these infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. Edema of the gut wall appeared to be an important early sign. Stricture formation occurred in 4/10 cases, all in the terminal ileum. These infants were operated upon only after the acute stage of the disease had subsided.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1973

Prostaglandin E1 causes sedation and increases 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in rat brain.

1. Administration of prostaglandin E(1) (1 mg/kg, i.p.) to rats induced sedation and a decrease in muscular tone. Prostaglandin E(1)-induced sedation was accompanied by the low voltage-high frequency E.E.G. pattern characteristic of the waking animal.2. Administration of prostaglandin E(1) also increased the turnover rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine and raised the concentration of acetylcholine in brain.3. The behavioural effects of prostaglandin were blocked by prior administration of p-chlorophenylalanine or pargyline, drugs which lowered the brain concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and was potentiated by pretreatment with probenecid, which elevated the 5-HIAA concentration. Pretreatment with atropine sulphate failed to alter prostaglandin E(1)-induced sedation.4. The results are compatible with the possibility that prostaglandin E(1) induces a state resembling paradoxical sleep through an action on 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in brain.

Acetylcholine↗