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Biomedical subjects

W D Odell

Publications and source records attributed to W D Odell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A simple and sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the assay of human TSH antibody. Use in screening hybridoma cell lines.

A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure is described for the screening and detection of specific antibodies in hybridoma cell lines. The specific procedure was developed to screen for antibodies against human thyrotropin (hTSH), but the procedure is applicable to screening for any desired antibodies. The immunoglobulin G(IgG) fraction of goat anti-mouse IgG is used to coat wells of microtiter plates. Anti-hTSH antibodies are measured by incubating antiserum dilutions in the coated wells and detecting the bound IgG with radioiodinated hTSH. Unlabeled hTSH may also be detected by its ability to inhibit binding of 125I-hTSH to the coated wells. This assay technique meets the demands of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and rapidity as a screening assay of hybridoma cell lines capable of secreting anti h-TSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Infertility caused by bilateral testicular masses secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency).

Two male cousins with partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency presented with bilateral testicular masses and infertility. In both cases, the testicular masses, consisting of adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent pluripotential cells, were thought to play a major etiologic role in infertility. The administration of very small doses of dexamethasone, given at 11:00 P.M., led to the disappearance of the masses and a subsequent return of fertility. Although 21-hydroxylase deficiency is not by itself an uncommon condition, the presentation of testicular masses with subsequent reversible infertility in two family members with this condition has not previously been described.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1983

Corticotropin/lipotropin common precursor-like material in normal rat extrapituitary tissues.

A Mr 26,000 corticotropin (ACTH)-like material is present in glacial acetic acid extracts of all normal rat extrapituitary tissues. In the present study, beta-melanotropin (beta-MSH) immunoactivity was detected in glacial acetic acid extracts of normal rat extrapituitary tissues. beta-MSH immunoactivity was also present in all extracts (mean +/- SEM, fmol/mg of protein): brain, 71.0 +/- 16.3; stomach, 11.5 +/- 1.6; kidney, 8.9 +/- 0.8; colon, 8.2 +/- 1.1; small intestine, 6.5 +/- 1.1; liver, 4.3 +/- 0.5; and heart, 3.2 +/- 0.5. Except in brain extracts, beta-MSH and ACTH immunoactivities of tissue extracts were strongly correlated to each other (r = 0.79; n = 42). When tissue extracts (except brain) were passed through a Sephadex G-75 (superfine) column, ACTH and beta-MSH immunoactivities were eluted in a single peak corresponding to Mr 26,000. In contrast, for brain extracts, the MrS of major peaks of ACTH and beta-MSH immunoactivities were 4,500 and 8,000, respectively; a smaller peak of Mr 26,000 ACTH/beta-MSH-like material was also eluted. Specific anti-ACTH immunocolumns, which did not bind purified synthetic beta-MSH, adsorbed both ACTH and beta-MSH immunoactivities of all tissue extracts except those of brain. One-third of the beta-MSH immunoactivity in brain extracts adsorbed to the anti-ACTH immunocolumn, but two-thirds of beta-MSH immunoactivity passed through the column. We conclude that ACTH and beta-MSH immunoactivities are present in all normal rat extrapituitary tissues and exist in most tissues on the same molecule. This Mr 26,000 molecule is closely related to the pituitary ACTH/beta-lipotropin common precursor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Widespread presence of large molecular weight adrenocorticotropin-like substances in normal rat extrapituitary tissues.

ACTH activity in glacial acetic acid extracts of normal rat tissues was studied by both ACTH RIA and a sensitive in vitro bioassay. ACTH immunoactivity was found in all tissues: brain, 278 +/- 54 (mean +/- SE; picograms per mg protein); stomach, 59 +/- 4; kidney, 47 +/- 3; colon, 40 +/- 4; small intestine, 37 +/- 4; liver, 18 +/- 2; and heart, 16 +/- 3. Tissue ACTH showed parallelism with ACTH standard in the RIA. No correlation existed between tissue ACTH and plasma ACTH in normal rats. Dexamethasone treatment (0.4 mg/day for 5 days) suppressed plasma ACTH, but did not affect tissue ACTH levels. When tissue extracts were passed through Sephadex G-75-SF columns, ACTH immunoactivity was exclusively eluted in the portion of bigger molecular weight than ACTH standard, except in the brain. Based on this column chromatography, the molecular weight of the main peak of activity was estimated as 26,000. Tissue ACTH-like material contained no detectable biological activity (less than 2 pg/100 ng tissue). However, biological activity was easily detectable after exposure of the tissue extracts to trypsin. When studied by immunoassay and bioassay, this 26,000 mol wt ACTH was digested and cleaved to 4,500 mol wt and biologically active ACTH with trypsin treatment. Tissue ACTH immunoactivity does not seem to be the result of artifacts: 1) extracts were adjusted to pH 8.0 and a common osmolality (150 mosmol/liter) before assay; 2) protein contents in RIA tubes were only 0.1-1.6 mg; 3) tissue extracts incubated with [125I]iodo-ACTH for 48 h produced less than 5% damage of labeled hormone, as assessed by moderate excess of antibody binding; 4) enzyme inhibitors did not modify tissue ACTH levels; and 5) ACTH immunoactivity of tissue extracts was absorbed by anti-ACTH immunocolumns. We conclude that high molecular weight ACTH-like materials are widespread in normal rat extrapituitary tissues and are probably a precursor form of 4500 mol wt ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

A 60,000 molecular weight human pituitary glycopeptide stimulates adrenal androgen secretion.

An approximately 60,000 mol wt glycopeptide has been isolated from acetone-dried human pituitary glands which stimulates production of the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone, but not cortisol, in acute suspensions of collagenase-dispersed dog adrenal cells. Adrenal androgen secretion has generally been considered, like cortisol, to be under the control of ACTH. This new pituitary glycopeptide, with a molecular weight greater than that of proopiocortin, ACTH, PRL, or LH, may help explain instances during adrenarche, puberty, aging, and stress in which cortisol and adrenal androgen metabolism diverge.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

Prevention of the postcoital luteinizing hormone surge by ultrashortloop feedback control.

Studies were designed to determine whether the ultrashortloop feedback (USLF) system could prevent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation and postcoital rise of luteinizing hormone (LH). Unanesthetized castrated female rabbits bearing chronically-implanted venous catheters were subjected to the following: (1) GnRH stimulation. Ten animals received intravenous (IV) bolus injections of 30 microgram GnRH. Two hours prior to GnRH, animals received either 2000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or saline. A second group of ten animals received 20 microgram GnRH. One hour prior to GnRH, an infusion of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) at 2.75 IU/min or of saline was started and continued over 4 hours. (2) Coital stimulation. Ten rabbits were studied with the use of natural coital stimulus. They received either 2000 IU hCG 2 hours before mating or saline as a control group. Both hLH infusion and hCG injection inhibited GnRH stimulation of LH secretion but did not modify the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) response. hCG inhibited the coitus-induced LH surge and did not modify coitus-induced FSH secretion. These studies demonstrate that USLF control of LH can modulate LH secretion under both pharmacologic and physiologic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of alpha- and beta-hCG subunits on the shortloop feedback control of gonadotropins.

We have previously demonstrated that, in the rabbit, both LH and FSH secretions are controlled by shortloop feedback regulatory systems which are highly specific and sensitive. FSH secretion is suppressed by FSH; LH secretion is suppressed by LH and hCG. We have now evaluated the possible role of alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG in the control of LH secretion in rabbits. Experiments were performed in unanesthetized castrated female rabbits bearing chronically implanted silastic catheters to permit repeated blood sampling without anesthesia. Intravenous injections of purified alpha- and beta-chain of hCG were administered in dose levels from 10 to 300 micrograms, and blood samples were taken from -30 to 240 min before and after the bolus injections. Peripheral levels of rabbit FSH and LH were determined by RIA systems, which do not cross-react with intact hCG or its alpha- and beta-subunits. By analysis of variance, no significant suppression of LH and FSH occurred in response to these doses of the subunits. Intact hCG, in doses of 1 microgram, produced a sharp decrease in rabbit LH levels within 10 min. These in vivo studies demonstrate that there is no intrinsic activity of the dissociated purified alpha- and beta-hCG subunits on the shortloop feedback control of gonadotropins in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Short loop feedback system for the control of follicle-stimulating hormone in the rabbit.

Studies were designed to assess whether a short loop feedback control for FSH existed in the rabbit. Castrated adult female animals bearing chronically implanted Silastic catheters to permit frequent blood sampling were studied without anesthesia. Ovine FSH was administered as an iv bolus in doses ranging between 0.1-500 micrograms. Endogenous rabbit FSH was quantified using a RIA that did not cross-react with ovine FSH. Blood samples were obtained before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after the injection. Each animal was tested at two or more dose levels on different days. Ovine FSH produced suppression of rabbit FSH secretion within 5 min after injection. The minimum effective dose was 1 microgram; maximal suppression occurred with 50-100 micrograms ovine FSH. This short loop feedback control system was specific for FSH; ovine FSH, even at high doses, failed to suppress endogenous rabbit LH. This is the first direct demonstration of a negative short loop feedback control for FSH and the first entirely specific control for the FSH system to be described.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Growth hormone-like material in normal human tissues.

We report herein the presence of extractable levels of immunoassayable (RIA) and receptor-assayable human GH (hGH)-like material in normal human liver, kidney, lung, striated muscle, colon, stomach, and brain. Levels of hGH by RIA were the highest in the liver (mean, 14.7 ng/g), followed by those in the kidney (mean, 11.3 ng/g) and lung (mean, 4.6 ng/g), but small amounts were detected in at least some specimens of all types of tissue. This material eluted in the region of monomeric pituitary hGH on Sephadex G-100 chromatography and showed parallelism in a RIA to pituitary hGH on log-logit plots of dose-response lines. Passage of the material through an anti-hGH immunocolumn greatly reduced its immunoreactivity. Assay of eight sets of extracts by receptor assay using a male rat liver membrane preparation showed the GH-like substance to have a receptor to immunoassay potency ratio of 3.8:1 relative to monomeric hGH standard. Scrupulous correction for acidity, osmolality, and possible protein and enzyme effects and extraction of the hGH-like material by immunoabsorption excluded the possibility of artifacts causing the appearance of hGH-like material in the extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pituitary-adrenal axis function in sickle cell anemia and its relationship to leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.

The function of the pituitary-adrenal axis and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated in eight patients with sickle cell disease during a painful crisis and when crisis-free. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score did not increase during crisis; the scores were in the low-normal range during crisis and noncrisis periods. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia produced normal growth hormone responses during both crisis and crisis-free periods. Plasma cortisol concentrations were diminished in the crisis group. Also impaired was 11-deoxycortisol production in both groups after metyrapone. These findings indicate that a mild defect in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis exists in sickle cell disease patients.

Adult↗