Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W D James.
5 patients developed acute allergic contact dermatitis to a wood rosin present in the adhesive of tapes used to approximate the edges of incisions. The exposure history consistently included application after an orthopedic procedure with subsequent occlusion under a cast for 3 weeks.
A 20-year-old man had a penile ulceration from which a pure, heavy growth of group B streptococcus was cultured. Cutaneous infection with this organism is unusual, and it is most often reported in postpartum women, diabetic patients, and immunocompromised individuals. Vaginal colonization with group B streptococcus is common. Since traumatic erosions or ulcerations of the penis are not uncommon, it is likely that a certain number of unrecognized infections of this type occur.
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Increasing numbers of persons are undergoing bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia and hematologic malignant neoplasms, and the proportion of those surviving has increased. Graft-v-host disease (GVHD) will, therefore, be seen with increasing frequency in the future. Graft-v-host disease occurs when immunocompetent donor lymphoid cells recognize and attack antigens of the immunocompromised host. We describe the clinical and histologic appearance of the different types of GVHD and discuss treatment, pathogenesis, and prevention of this entity.
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Twenty different human rotavirus reassortants were characterized serologically by a plaque reduction assay as belonging to one of three distinct serotypes. Fourteen were similar if not identical to our prototype Wa strain; two were like the prototype DS-1 strain, and four belonged to a third serotype for which a prototype has not yet been selected. Hyperimmune sera raised against the three serotypes were required to distinguish among them, since postinfection sera had lower titers and were more cross-reactive than hyperimmune sera. These results confirmed the ability of a qualitative cytopathic neutralization test to predict correctly the Wa or DS-1 serotype. A strain of rhesus rotavirus (MMU 18006) was identified as belonging to the newly defined third serotype. Finally, an attempt was made to correlate previously published serotype analysis by neutralization of fluorescent cell-forming units with the results determined by the plaque reduction neutralization assay.
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A review of records of 44 patients who had lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) with skin lesions showed that cutaneous manifestations are protean and generally transient. Subcutaneous or dermal nodules were present in more than 60% of cases. A maculopapular rash or macular erythema was less common, and ulceration was rare. Skin lesions were widely distributed. Frequently, in patients who had early cutaneous involvement with LYG, associated involvement of the nervous system and joints occurred. Findings from laboratory studies were generally inconclusive. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis progressed to lymphoma in 18% of the cases, and death from respiratory failure was common. Theories on the possible cause and the pathogenesis of LYG are presented.
A strain of type 2 human rotavirus (Wa) was grown to relatively high titer through 14 passages in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells. This passage series was initiated with virus that had been passaged 11 times serially in newborn gnotobiotic piglets. In contrast, virus present in the stool of patient Wa as well as virus from the first, second, or third passage in piglets could not be propagated successfully in African green monkey kidney cells. Prior to each passage in cell culture, the virus was treated with trypsin and the inoculated cultures were centrifuged at low speed. Cultivation of a type 2 human rotavirus should aid attempts to characterize this virus and to develop a means of immunoprophylaxis for a serious diarrheal disease of human infants.
A woman who received radiotherapy for a breast carcinoma developed symptomatic deep subcutaneous fibrosis 7 months after treatment. Deep biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. A good response to prednisone therapy was obtained in this patient. Long-term sequelae may include soft tissue sarcoma.
An active, symptomatic keloid from a 57-year-old woman was examined by both light and electron microscopy. The lesion was found to be comprised entirely of myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts in keloids can apparently undergo full transition to this smooth muscle-like cell.
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A case report of Dupuytren's contracture illustrates the functional and light and electron microscopic characteristics of the myofibroblast. The myofibroblast is now associated with an increasing number of diseases, and is believed to be a morphologic and functional variant of the fibroblast, which shows changes typical of smooth-muscle cells. Its presence may be suspected by light microscopy, but its ultrastructure is characteristic. Its distinctive electron microscopic features are a fibrillar system in the cytoplasm similar to that of a smooth muscle, nuclear deformations indicative of contraction, and surface membrane differentiations that provide attachment to neighboring cells and stroma.
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A total of 28 cebus monkeys were inoculated intratracheally or intranasally with 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/New Jersey/76 virus or 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/Victoria/75 virus, and 8 additional monkeys received sterile allantoic fluid. Each of the animals became infected as evidenced by a serological response and/or shedding of the virus. Of the 10 animals inoculated intratracheally with A/Victoria/75 virus, 8 developed a systemic illness, and pulmonary infiltration was detected by X-ray in 7 of the 8. Administration of A/New Jersey/76 virus intratracheally to 10 monkeys produced a mild systemic illness in 2 animals and an upper respiratory tract illness in 6, but no illness developed in the remaining 2 monkeys; none of the animals developed X-ray evidence of lower respiratory tract disease. Intranasal administration of either virus failed to induce any illness or produced, at most, mild illness confined to the upper respiratory tract. These studies demonstrate that cebus monkeys are susceptible to respiratory tract infection with influenza A viruses and that the development of pulmonary disease is reflected in the appearance of easily recognizable radiological changes.