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Biomedical subjects

W D James

Publications and source records attributed to W D James.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Superficial migratory thrombophlebitis and factor XII deficiency.

A patient with painful migratory erythematous nodules for 7 years is presented. The nodules, which were localized on the lower and upper extremities, progressed to palpable cords. Multiple venograms showed no evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Skin biopsy specimens were diagnostic of superficial thrombophlebitis. There was no evidence of internal malignancy. Extensive evaluation for an underlying hypercoagulable state was remarkable for a factor XII level 17% of normal. The patient was unresponsive to a wide range of treatments. The recalcitrant nature of his disease and lack of deep venous involvement are unique. An underlying hypercoagulable state should be considered when the diagnosis of superficial migratory thrombophlebitis is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Superficial thrombophlebitis. I. Primary hypercoagulable states.

This review concentrates on those disorders in which superficial thrombophlebitis can be a significant or presenting clinical sign. Primary hypercoagulable states are those conditions associated with an increased risk of thrombosis caused by a specific measurable defect in the proteins of coagulation and/or fibrinolytic systems. These disorders are frequently inherited and include deficiencies of antithrombin III, heparin cofactor 2, protein C, protein S, abnormal fibrinolytic activity, dysfibrinogenemia, and Hageman trait. Patients with a lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody syndrome with thrombotic episodes are also considered to have a primary hypercoagulable state. The physiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of primary hypercoagulable states are reviewed.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1990

Superficial thrombophlebitis. II. Secondary hypercoagulable states.

Secondary hypercoagulable states are complex clinical conditions associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in which the exact pathophysiology is poorly understood. Secondary causes of superficial thrombophlebitis include malignancy, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, infusion of prothrombin complex concentrates, Behçet's disease, Buerger's disease, Mondor's disease, infectious agents, conditions that promote venous stasis, intravenous catheters and intravenous drug use. Conditions that may stimulate superficial thrombophlebitis include dermatophyte cellulitis at saphenous phlebectomy sites, sarcoidal granulomas, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, and hyperalgesic pseudothrombophlebitis in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus. The distinguishing features, clinical evaluation, treatment, and histologic characteristics of the various disorders are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Colony-stimulating factors.

Recombinant hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors have profound effects on developing and mature granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Use of these agents for treatment of disease may result in a variety of adverse cutaneous reactions. The recent discovery of colony-stimulating factor production by keratinocytes and dermal cells suggests that these agents may also be significant in cutaneous homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous horn of the penis: its association with squamous cell carcinoma and HPV-16 infection.

Cutaneous horns of the penis are rare. Including this case, only 19 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. In 37% of the reported cases a malignant tumor was found beneath the cutaneous horn. Our case is remarkable because a stage I squamous cell carcinoma developed on the shaft of the penis of a neonatally circumcised man. Human genital carcinoma resulting from a multifactorial process in which "promoting" papillomavirus is an integral element is being increasingly reported. We review the relationship of circumcision to genital human papillomavirus infection and their synergism in the development of squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Eosinophilic infiltrates in epidermolysis bullosa.

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa encompasses many subsets of diseases, distinguished by skin fragility and blister formation after minor trauma. Histologically, epidermolysis bullosa usually presents as bullae without inflammatory cells. We present four cases of epidermolysis bullosa, including examples of epidermolytic, junctional, and dermolytic types that have eosinophilic infiltrates. These cases do not represent subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa, but simply the influx of eosinophils in neonatally manifested disease. Several hypotheses for the presence of these eosinophils are presented.

Blister↗
PubMed1989

The ridgeback anomaly. A new follicular pattern of the scalp.

A patient with an anomaly of hair pattern development is described. Scalp hair follicles generally grow at a downward inclination to the scalp surface. Normal whorled patterns appear in the posteroparietal area. The patient described was noted to have a whorled hair pattern located over the right temporoparietal region, growing in a clockwise direction. The remainder of the scalp adopted the upward follicular growth pattern of the posterior portion of the whorl, directed toward the apical anatomic axis. A ridge of hair over the nape of the neck reversed direction, similar to hair growth on the Rhodesian Ridgeback dog, growing in a downward manner. The relationship of this new hair pattern to current theories of scalp hair pattern development is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pigmented breast carcinoma. A clinical and histopathologic simulator of malignant melanoma.

A case of infiltrating breast carcinoma presenting as a pigmented lesion of the areola and nipple is described. The pigmentation was found to be primarily due to interspersed melanocytes and melanophages within the tumor. The histologic criteria and the differential immunohistochemical staining characteristics of melanoma and breast carcinoma are presented. Also emphasized is the difficulty in differentiating pagetoid malignant melanoma and epidermotrophic breast carcinoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Microbiology of the skin: resident flora, ecology, infection.

Humans exist in an environment replete with microorganisms, but only a few become resident on the skin surface. The skin possesses protective mechanisms to limit colonization, and the survival of organisms on the surface lies in part in the ability of the organisms to resist these mechanisms. Microbial colonization on the skin adds to the skin's defense against potentially pathogenic organisms. Although microbes normally live in synergy with their hosts, occasionally colonization can result in clinical infection. Common infections consist of superficial infections of the stratum corneum or appendageal structures that can respond dramatically to therapy but commonly relapse. In rare circumstances, these infections can be quite severe, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in hospitalized patients with indwelling foreign devices. These infections are often resistant to conventional antibiotics and can result in infection with other opportunistic pathogens.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Scalp whorls.

Abnormally placed or absent scalp whorls have been associated with abnormal brain development. Defects of bony cranial development are not associated with such patterns. Single and double parietal whorls are examples of normal scalp patterns. Frontal patterns are variable, and scalp whorls associated with a cowlick can be seen at any location along the frontal hair line. A case of triple parietal scalp whorls and a case of a right temporal scalp whorl, both associated with normal development, are described. Current theories of hair whorl development, as well as normal and abnormal scalp whorl patterns, also are discussed.

Hair↗
PubMed1989

Buerger's disease.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Proteus syndrome.

The term Proteus syndrome was coined in 1983 to describe a disorder of skeletal, hamartomatous, and other mesodermal malformations. The syndrome was named after the Greek god Proteus, whose name means "the Polymorphous." Clinical features of this new syndrome are currently being defined. Including the case reported herein, we have found 34 patients with Proteus syndrome described in the English literature. Major clinical findings, defined as those findings seen in more than half of the cases, include hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, exostoses, epidermal nevi, characteristic cerebriform masses involving the plantar or palmar surfaces, a variety of subcutaneous masses, and scoliosis. Histologic examination of subcutaneous masses has identified a variety of lipomatous, hamartomatous, and angiomatous tumors.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗